IRON  AND  TIMBER 
RAILWAY  SUPERSTRUCTURES, 


AND 


€mml  WiovU; 

Giving  Dimensions  and  Quantities  for  the  Standard  4ft.  S^in.  Gauge, 

and  the  Metre  3ft.  3§  in.  Gauge ; 
Also  applicable  for  Light  Railways,  Steam  Tramways,  etc. ; 

WITH    SOME    EARTHWORK    TABLES,    AND    OUTLINE  OF 
A  SPECIFICATION  AND  REQUIREMENTS. 


BY 


J.  W.  GROVER,  M.  INST.  C.E., 

AUTHOR   OF    ESTIMATES,    ETC.,    OF    RAILWAY   BRIDGES,    CULVERTS,  STATIONS 


T/ie  Diagrams  Lithographed  by  Rob'  J.  Cook  and  Hammond,  29,  Charing  Cross,  S.W. 


LONDON:    E.  AND  F.  N.  SPON,  48,  CHARING  CROSS. 
NEW  YORK:  446,  BROOME  STREET. 

MDCCCLXXIV. 


V 


INTRODUCTION. 


rjlHIS  Work  is  intended  to  form  a  continuation  of  the  "Estimates  and  Diagrams  of  Railway  Bridgefe, 
Culverts,  and  Stations,"  by  the  same  Author,  and  is  for  the  purpose  of  facilitating  the  Engineer's 
calculations  in  designing  and  estimating  for  new  Railways,  either  on  the  Standard  or  Narrow  (luage. 

Railway  Construction  in  future  is  likely  to  have  especial  requirements.  The  demand  for  light  or 
cheap  Lines  is  on  the  increase,  and  Agricultural  Steam  Tramways  are  being  built  by  Landowners  to 
develope  their  Estates, 

The  Narrow  Gauge — less  than  4  ft.  8^  in.,  probably  ranging  from  3  ft.  to  3  ft.  6  in. — will  become 
general  in  many  new  countries;  and  even  here  curves  and  gradients  heretofore  unknown  in  general 
practice  are  being  daily  adopted  to  surmount  the  obstacles  of  nature.  And  the  Engineer  finds  that 
he  requires  concise  information  in  a  portable  form  to  assist  him  in  framing  rapidly  his  Reports  and 
Estimates. 

Heavy  Earthworks  being  generally  avoided,  the  calculations  will  be  more  dependent  on  the 
costs  of  surfacing,  especially  on  sidelong  ground,  where  the  contour  of  the  hills  has  been  followed. 
For  assisting  this  a  Table  of  Earthworks  is  given,  by  which  very  great  lengths  may  be  calculated  in  a 
short  time  approximately,  with  much  less  labour  than  is  required  in  the  ordinary  way. 

The  works  given  are  taken  from  those  generally  which  have  been  designed  for  actual  execution, 
many  of  them  having  been  carried  out  by  the  Author  and  others. 

The  quantities,  weights,  and  rolling  and  fixed  loads  being  given  in  each  case,  estimates,  comparisons, 
and  alterations  can  with  facility  be  made,  and  the  difference  between  the  Standard  and  Metre  Gauges  be 
seen  at  a  glance. 

The  examples  in  this  volume,  taken  with  those  already  referred  to  in  the  preceding  Treatise,  by 
the  same  Author,  will,  it  is  believed,  cover  those  superstructures  most  generally  required  in  actual 
jjractice  in  their  primary  forms.  With  these  alone  is  it  possible  to  deal  in  a  concise  and  portable 
volume.    Special  cases  must  always  require  their  own  treatment  and  exercise  judgment. 

The  Ironwork  is  given  with  details  and  weights,  so  as  to  be  practically  available  for  the 
Manufacturers  and  Contractors. 

"5  ^  "3  \ 


IRON  &  TIMBER  RAILWAY  SUPERSTRUCTURES  &  GENERAL  WORKS, 


o 

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o 
P5 


a  13 

O  x! 


03- 


-e  o 


OS 


IRONWORK 

Plate 

No. 

1 

2 

ditto 

3 

ditto 

4 

ditto 

5 

ditto 

6 

ditto 

7 

ditto 

8 

ditto 

9 

ditto 

10 

Standard  Gauge  4'  8|' 

11 

ditto 

12 

ditto 

13  ditto 

14  ditto 

15  ditto 

16  ditto 

17  ditto 

18  ditto 

19  ditto 

20  ditto 

21  ditto 

22  ditto 

23  ditto 

24  ditto 

25  For  General  Requirements , 

26  ditto 

27  ditto 


.40  feet  Wrought  Iron  Girder   Diagram. 

ditto   General  details. 

ditto   Enlarged  details 

67'  6'  Wrought  Iron  Girder   Diagram. 

ditto   General  details. 

ditto   Enlarged  details. 

100  feet  Wrought  Iron  Girder  Diagram. 

ditto   General  details. 

ditto   Enlarged  details. 

..60  feet  Wrought  Iron  Girder  Diagram  and  general  details. 

ditto   Enlarged  details. 

75  feet  Wrought  Iron  Girder   Diagram  and  general  details, 

(Details  of  this  75  feet  Girder  are 
between  60  feet  &  100  feet.) 

100  feet  Wrought  Iron  Girder   Diagram. 

ditto   General  details. 

ditto   Enlarged  details. 

60  feet  Wrought  Iron  Girder   Diagram. 

ditto   General  details. 

ditto   Enlarged  details. 

80  feet  Wrought  Iron  Girder  Diagram. 

ditto   General  details 

ditto   Enlarged  details. 

100  feet  Wrought  Iron  Girder  Diagi-am. 

ditto   General  details. 

ditto   Enlarged  details. 

..Wrought  Iron  Girders  ...   10  feet  to  30  feet. 

ditto   32'  6'  to  50  feet. 

One  General  Abutment  in  Brick  or 
Stone  for  an  embankment  fi'om  5'  0' 
to  40  feet  high  for  Iron  Girders. 


TIMBER  AND  GENERAL  STRUCTURES:— 


28 

Standard  4'  8^'   

 80  feet  Timber  Truss. 

29 

ditto 

50  feet  Timber  Viaduct. 

30 

ditto 

37  feet  Timber  Viaduct. 

31 

ditto 

20  feet  Spans  for  Viaduct. 

32 

ditto 

10  feet  to  20  feet  openings. 

33 

ditto 

r  6',  2'  0*  and  3'  0"  diameter  timber  trunks.     10  feet  Occupation  Gate. 

34 

ditto 

Public  Road  and  Crossing  Gates. 

35 

ditto 

Fencing  and  Palisading  of  various  sorts.    Cattle  Pen. 

36 

ditto 

Rough  Culverts  and  Cattle  Arches  in  scabbled  masonry.    Occupation  Bridge 

37 

ditto 

General  Iron  Pier,  from  15  feet  to  105  feet  high 

Earthwork  Tables  for  Preliminary  Calculations. 
Outlines  of  Speci6cations. 

Heads  of  requirements  for  Junctions,  Stations  and  Fittings. 
Tender. 

B 


PLATES  1,  2,  3. 


METRE  GAUGE  (3'  '3|")  Koad  on  Top. 

40  FEET  SPAN  GIRDER.  Angle  Irons  and  Bars,  Rivets,  and  Gibs  and  Cottars. 

Boiling  Load  .       .  0'5  tons  per  foot  run  on  each  Girder. 

Fixed  Load    .       .  Including  ballast  and  sleepers,  taken  at  4.0  tons  distributed  on  each  Girder. 

Strain    .       .       .  5  tons  per  square  inch  not  exceeded  for  either  compression  or  tension  ;  holes  in  all 

cases  being  deducted. 

ESTIMATED  WEIGHTS. 

Wrought  Iron: — 

Tons.  Tons. 

1*68  in  one  Girder,        .........    in  two  3'36 

0*25  Cross  Bracing  in  one  span    .........  0*25 

1*64  in  Cross  Girders  and  Handrail  in  one  span       .       .       .       .       .    .  1*64 

0"16  in  bolts,  spikes,  screws  in  planking      .......  0"16 

Total  Wrought  Iron  in  one  span       .       .    .    5 '41 

160  ft.  of  1  in.  Tubing  for  Handrail. 

Cast  Iron: — 

122  lbs.  in  one  shoe  for  lewis  bolts,  etc. 

Tons. 

for  four  in  one  span    .......  0*218 

Timber  : — 

In  one  span      ........  .       .    176  cub.  ft. 


As  the  weights  in  this  Bridge  are  small,  it  will  be  necessary  to  specify  a  superior  description  of  iron 
and  workmanship. 


PLATES  4,  5,  6. 


METRE  GAUGE  (3'  3|'0 


Road  on  Top. 


67  FEET  6  INS.  SPAN  GIRDER. 


Forged  Links  and  Pins. 


Rolling  Load    .       .  0*45  tons  per  foot  run  on  each  Girder.    (This  is  equal  to  0'5  tons  per  foot  for  50  feet, 

and  0*3  tons  per  foot  for  the  remainder  of  the  span). 

Fixed  Load     .       .  Including  ballast  and  sleepers,  taken  at  8  tons  distributed  on  each  Girder. 

Strain      .       .       .5  tons  per  square  inch  not  exceeded  for  either  compression  or  tension  ;  holes  in  all 

cases  being  deducted. 


Wrought  Iron; 


ESTIMATED  WEIGHTS. 


Tons, 

4*48  in  one  Girder  .... 
0*46  Cross  Bracing  in  one  span 
2*74  Cross  Girders  and  Handrail  . 
0'25  in  bolts,  spikes,  screws  in  planking . 


Total  Wrought  Iron  in  one  span 


278  feet  run  of  1  inch  Tubing  for  Handrail. 


Cast  Iron: — 


Tons. 


0*093  in  Stars  for  one  Girder 
0'49   in  one  Bearing  Plate 


Tons. 

in  two  8-96 
.  0-46 
.  2-74 
.  0-25 


12-41 


Tons. 

for  two  0-186 
for  four  1*96 


2-146 


0-25  in  one  foot  of  3'  6"  Cylinder 

8  lbs.  allow  for  bolts  in  1  foot  of  one  cylinder  . 


for  two  Cylinders  0-50 
for  two  16  lbs. 


Timber  : — 


In  one  span        ...........  278  cub.  ft. 

The  Cylinders  should  be  filled  with  Concrete  in  Hydraulic  Lime. 


As  the  weights  in  this  Bridge  are  small,  it  will  be  necessary  to  specify  a  superior  description  of  iron 
and  workmanship. 


-  h 


9 

PLATES  7,  8,  9. 


METRE  GAUGE  (3'  3§") 


Road  on  Top. 


100  FEET  SPAN  GIRDER. 


Forged  Links  and  Pins. 


Rolling  Load  . 


0'4  tons  per  foot  run  on  each  Girder.    (This  is  equal  to  0*5  tons  per  foot  for  50  feet, 
and  0*3  tons  per  foot  for  the  remainder  of  the  span.) 


Fixed  Load 
Strain 


Including  ballast  and  sleepers,  taken  at  13  tons  distributed  on  each  Girder. 

5  tons  per  square  inch  not  exceeded  for  either  compression  or  tension  ;  holes  in  all 
cases  being  deducted. 


ESTIMATED  WEIGHTS. 


Wrought  Ikon 


Tons, 

8*  13  in  one  Girder  ......... 

0'55  Cross  Bracing  in  one  span  .  ... 

4*05  Cross  Girders  and  Handrail ....... 

0*37  in  bolts,  spikes,  screws  in  planking      .       .       .       .  . 

Total  Wrought  Iron  in  one  span 
430  feet  4  inches  run  Tubing  for  Handrail. 

Cast  Ieon  : — 

Tons 

0'093  in  Stars  for  one  Girder  ....... 

0"68    in  one  Bearing  Plate  ........ 


Tons. 

in  two  16-26 
.  0-55 
.  4-05 
.  0-37 


.  21-23 


Tons. 

for  two  0-186 
in  four  2-72 


2-906 


Timber  : — 


0-35  in  1  foot  of  5  feet  cylinder  1^  thick 
lOlbs.  allow  for  bolts  in  1  foot  of  Do. 


In  one  span 


for  two  cylinders  0.70 
for  two     „  201bs. 

412  cub.  ft. 


The  Cylinders  should  be  filled  with  Concrete  in  Hydraulic  Lime. 

As  the  weights  of  this  bridge  are  small,  it  will  be  necessary  to  specify  a  superior  description  of  iron 
and  workmanship. 

c 


I'NlVEKbiiv  jf  ILLINOIS. 


10 


PLATES  10,  11. 


STANDARD  GAUGE  (4'  S^") 

60  FEET  SPAN  LATTICE  GIRDER. 


Road  on  Bottom  Flanges. 


Forged  Links  and  Pins. 


Rolling  Load    .       .  0*75  tons  per  foot,  run  on  each  Girder. 

Fixed  Load      .       .  Including  ballast  and  flooring,  taken  at  10'75  tons  on  each  Girder. 

Strain      .        .        .4  tons  per  square  inch  in  tension,  holes  deducted  ;    3  tons  per  square  inch  in 

compression,  not  exceeded. 

This  Bridge  is  designed  for  districts  where  labour  of  a  skilled  nature  is  difficult  to  obtain,  and  where 
the  carriage  of  heavy  pieces  is  to  be  avoided,  the  heaviest  piece  being  a  length  of  the  top  flange,  under  6^ 
cwt.  in  weight,  and  6  ft.  8  in.  long,  so  as  to  be  easily  transported. 

All  parts  are  made  from  uniform  templates,  thicknesses  only  varying  ;  the  joints  are  planed  buttfaces, 
and  go  together  with  bolts. 

ESTIMATED  WEIGHTS. 

Wrought  Iron: — 

Tons. 

6'89  in  one  Girder  ........ 

0'46  in  one  Cross  Girder       .       .       .  '. 

in  bolts,  spikes,  and  screws  in  planking  .... 


Tons. 

m  two  13-78 


in  ten 


4-60 
0-25 


Total  Wrought  Iron  in  superstructure,  in  one  span 
One  roller  weighs  291bs.,  or  0*012945  ;  for  a  set  of  four 


18-63 


0-05178 


T..I 


In  Bridges  of  more  than  one  span,  add  for  connection  pieces  between 

Girders  over  Piers — For  each  pair  of  Girders  .  .  .  0-2 
Allow  No.  24  bolts  1"  dia,  to  each  iron  pier  of  4  piles  and  bed  plate  0-025 
In  cast  iron  piers  allow  in  each  joint  in  piles  for  6  bolts,  1"  dia.  =  141bs  0'00625 
For  bracing  in  piers        .........  0-2 


Cast  Iron 


One  roller  path  weighs  . 
One  bed  plate 
One  foot  run  of  cylinder 
One  flange  of  cylinder  joint 
One  foundation  screw 


0-15 
0-175 
0-030385 
0-02366 
0-lU 


Timber  : — 


In  one  span  of  60  feet  . 
For  each  space  over  piers  add 


269  cub.  ft. 
15  cub.  ft. 


(>  THE 

'  .^ilVEHSlTY  ot  1LUN0»S. 


11 


PLATE  12, 


STANDARD  GAUGE  (4'  81") 
75  FEET  SPAN  LATTICE  GIRDER. 


Road  on  Bottom  Flanges. 

Forged  Links  and  Pins. 


Rolling  Load  .       .  0*75  tons  per  foot  run  on  each  Girder. 

Fixed  Load   .       .  Including  ballast  and  flooring,  taken  at  15  tons  on  each  Girder. 

Strain   .       .       .  4  tons  per  square  inch  in  tension,  holes  deducted;  and  3  tons  per  square  inch  in 

compression  not  exceeded. 

This  Bridge  is  designed  for  districts  where  labour  of  a  skilled  nature  is  difficult  to  obtain,  and  where 
the  carriage  of  heavy  pieces  is  to  be  avoided  ;  the  heaviest  piece  being  a  length  of  the  top  flange  under  1 3 
cwt.  in  weight,  and  8  feet  4  inches  long,  so  as  to  be  easily  transported. 

All  parts  are  made  from  uniform  templates,  thicknesses  only  varying,  the  joints  are  planed  buttfaces, 
and  go  together  with  bolts. 


ESTIMATED  WEIGHTS. 


Wrought  Iron: — 


Tons. 

11*31  in  one  Girder  ........ 

0*488  in  one  Cross  Girder  ....... 

in  bolts,  spikes,  screws,  &c.  in  planking  .... 

Total  Wrought  Iron  in  superstructure,  in  one  span 

One  Roller  weis^hs  32  lbs.  =  0'01417  tons  :  for  a  set  of  five 


Tons. 

in  two  22-62 


m  ten 


4-88 
0-29 

27-79 


0-07085 

Tons. 


In  Bridges  of  more  than  one  span,  add  for  connection  pieces  between 

Girders,  over  Piers — for  each  pair  of  Girders  .        ,        .        .  0*35 

Allow  No.  24  bolts  1  in.  dia.  to  each  iron  pier  of  4  piles  and  bed  plate    0  025 
In  Cast  Iron  Piers  allow  in  each  joint  in  piles  for  6  bolts  I"  dia,  .  0"00625 
„       ,,  Bracing  in  Piers       ......  0-25 


Cast  Iron: — 


Timber : 


One  Roller  path  weighs 

One  Bed  plate  weighs 

One  foot  run  of  Cylinder  weighs 

One  flange  of  Cylinder  joint 

One  Foundation  Screw 


In  one  span  of  75  feet 
Each  space  over  Piers 


Tons. 

0.222 
0-266 
0-0425 
0-029 
0.20 


325  cub.  ft. 
23  cub.  ft. 


LISRAHY 

OF  THE 

"'NIVERSiTV  of  ILLINOIS. 


12 

PLATES  13,  14,  15. 


STANDARD  GAUGE  (4'  8f )  Road  on  Bottom  Flange. 

100  FEET  SPAN  LATTICE  GIRDER.  Forged  Links  and  Pins. 

Rolling  Load  .       .0*75  tons  per  foot  run  on  each  Girder. 

Fixed  Load    .       .  Including  ballast  and  flooring  taken  at  46  tons  on  each  Girder. 

Strain    .       .       .4  tons  per  square  inch  in  tension,  holes  deducted  ;  and  3  tons  per  square  inch  in 

compression,  not  exceded. 

This  Bridge  is  designed  for  districts  where  labour  of  a  skilled  nature  is  difficult  to  obtain,  and  where 
the  carriage  of  heavy  pieces  is  to  be  avoided  ;  the  heaviest  piece  being  a  length  of  the  top  flange,  one  ton  in 
weight,  and  11  feet  2  inches  long,  so  as  to  be  easily  transported. 

All  parts  are  made  from  uniform  templates,  thicknesses  only  generally  varying  ;  the  joints  are  planed 
butt  faces  and  go  together  with  bolts. 


ESTIMATED  WEIGHTS. 

Wrought  Iron: — 

Tons.  Tons. 

19-26  in  one  Girder  in  two  38-52 

0'615  in  one  Cross  Girder  ..........  6'15 

in  bolts,  spikes  and  screws  in  planking     .       .        ....  0*50 

Total  Wrought  Iron  in  superstructure  in  one  span    .       .  45-17 


Tons. 

One  roller  weighs  34^  lbs.  =  0-015395  tons  ;  for  a  set  of  six  =  0-09237 
In  Bridges  of  more  than  one  span,  add  for  connection  pieces  between 

Girders,  over  Piers — for  each  pair  of  Girders         .       .       .  0*5 
Allow  No.  24  bolts  1  in.  dia.  to  each  iron  pier  of  4  piles  and  bed  plate  0-025 
In  Cast  Iron  Piers,  allow  in  each  joint  in  piles  for  6  bolts  1  in.  dia.  .  0-00625 
,,       „       „       Bracing  in  Piers    ......  O'S 

Cast  Iron: — 

One  roller  weighs   .  .       .       .       .       .       .       .       .       .'  0*294 

One  bed  plate  0-357 

One  foot  run  of  cylinder  weighs     ........  0*05 

One  flange  of  cylinder  joint  weighs        .......  0-03482 

One  foundation  screw     ..........  0*3 


Timber  : — 

In  one  span  of  100  feet   579  cub.  ft. 

In  each  space  over  piers        ........    add  30  cub.  ft. 


13 

PLATES  16,  17,  18. 


STANDARD  GAUGE  (4'  S^")  Road  on  Top. 

60  FEET  SPAN  LATTICE  GIRDER.  Rivetted 

Rolling  Load    .       .  0'75  tons  per  foot  run  on  each  Girder. 
Fixed  Load      .       .  2l'b  tons  distributed  on  each  Girder. 

Strain     .       .       .In  tension  and  compression,  not  exceeding  4  tons  per  square  inch  ;  rivet  holes  in 

cases  being  deducted. 

ESTIMATED  WEIGHTS. 

Wrought  Iron  : — 

Tons.  Tons. 

in  two  15-656 


7*828  in  one  Girder 

in  eight  diagonal  cross-braces 
in  two  sets  of  rollers  and  frames 
bolts  for  holding  down  girders  at  ends 
bolts,  spikes  &  screws  in  planking 


0-760 
0-219 

0-084 
0-609 


Total  Wrought  Iron  in  one  span        .       .  17*328 


Cast  Irox 


Tods. 

in  two  sets  of  roller  paths,  bearing  plates,  &c.   .       .  .       .  0*9 


Timber  : — 


682  cub.  ft. 

D 


^;iVEf(?.)TY  of  IIUNOIS. 


14 

PLATES  19,  20,  21. 


STANDARD  GAUGE  (4'  8^") 


Road  on  Top. 


80  FEET  SPAN  LATTICE  GIRDER. 


Ri  vetted. 


Rolling  Load  . 
Fixed  Load  . 
Strain  . 


0'75  tons  per  foot  run  on  each  Girder. 
30*00  tons  distributed  on  each  Girder. 

In  tension  and  compression  not  exceeding  4  tons  per  square  inch  ;  rivet  holes  in  all 
cases  being  deducted. 


ESTIMATED  WEIGHTS. 


Wrought  Iron: — 


Tons. 

12"41  in  one  Girder 


in  eight  diagonal  cross  braces  ..... 

in  two  sets  of  roUers  and  frames  

bolts  for  holding  down  girders  and  roller  path  to  stone  work 
bolts,  spikes  and  screws  in  planking 

Total  Wrought  Iron  in  one  span 


Tons. 

in  two  24-82 
.  0-832 
.  0-292 
.  0-091 
.  0-830 


26-865 


Cast  Iron: — 


in  two  sets  of  roller  paths,  bearing  plates,  &c. 


Tons. 

1-308 


TniBEE : —  930  cub.  feet. 


'J' 


15 

PLATES  22,  23,  24. 


STANDARD  GAUGE  (4'  8i") 


Road  on  Top. 


100  FEET  SPAN  LATTICE  GIRDER. 


Rivetted. 


Rolling  Load  . 
Fixed  Load  . 
Strain  . 


0'75  tons  per  foot  run  on  each  Girder. 


46  tons  distributed  on  each  Girder. 


In  tension  and  compression  not  exceeding  4  tons  per  square  inch  ;  rivet  holes  in  all 
cases  being  deducted 


ESTIMATED  WEIGHTS. 


Weought  Iron  : — 


Tons. 

19"539  in  one  Girder 


in  ten  diagonal  cross  braces 
in  two  sets  of  rollers  and  frames 
bolts,  spikes,  screws  &c. 

Total  Wrought  Iron  in  one  span 


Tons. 

in  two  39-078 
1-403 

0-  310 

1-  000 


41-791 


Cast  Iron:- 


in  two  sets  of  roller  paths,  bearing  plates  &c. 


Tons. 

1-504 


Timber  : — 


1,126  cub.  ft. 


16 


PLATES  25,  26. 


WROUGHT  IRON  GIRDERS  OF  RIVKTTED  PLATES,   ANGLE   AND   T  IRON. 
From  10  ft.  to  50it.,  S])ans  inclusive — in  increments  of  2  ft.  6  in.  and  5  ft.  each. 

Each  Girder  to  carry  one  ton  on  the  foot  run  of  span,  including  its  own  weight. 
Strain  not  to  exceed  5  tons  on  the  square  inch,  after  deducting  rivet  holes. 


ESTIMATED  WEIGHTS  OF  WROUGHT  IRON  IN  EACH  GIRDER. 


No. 

Angles  &  Tee. 
lbs. 

Plates, 
lbs. 

Kivets. 
lbs. 

Total 
lbs. 

Tons. 

Span  feet. 

1 

320 

195 

26 

541 

0-242 

10'  0" 

2 

510 

247 

38 

795 

0-355 

1 2'  &' 

3 

810 

301 

55 

1,166 

0-521 

15'  0" 

4 

1,118 

509 

81 

1,708 

0-763 

17'  6" 

5 

1,350 

767 

106 

2,223 

0-992 

20'  0" 

6 

1,042 

1,363 

120 

2,525 

1-128 

22'  6" 

7 

1,138 

2,370 

175 

3,683 

1-644 

25'  0" 

8 

1,247 

2,705 

198 

4,150 

1-853 

27'  6" 

9 

1,402 

3,398 

240 

5,040 

2-250  : 

30'  0" 

10 

1,600 

3,790 

270 

5,660 

2-527  i 

1 

32'  6" 

11 

1,700 

4,650 

318 

6,668 

2-977 

35'  0" 

12 

1,800 

5,687 

374 

7,861 

3-509 

37'  6" 

13 

2,040 

6,720 

438 

9,198 

4-105 

40'  0" 

14 

2,357 

8,114 

523 

10,994 

4-906 

45'  0" 

15 

2,704 

10,400 

655 

13,759 

6-208 

50'  0" 

17 


PLATE  27. 


ONE  GENERAL  ABUTMENT  IN  BRICK  OR  STONE,  FOR  VARIOUS  HEIGHTS. 

The  superstructure  (without  the  girders),  requires  4"83  cubic  feet  of  Timber  for  1  foot  run  of  span; 
and  lOlbs.  Wrought  Iron  in  bolts  and  fastenings. 

ESTIMATED  QUANTITIES 
For  various  heights  of  Banks,  allowing  in  each  case  2  ft.  6in.  depth  of  foundations  besides. 


Height  of  Bank. 
Feet. 

5 

AA 

Excavation  in 
Foundations. 

Cub.  Yards. 

13 

stone  in  Caps 
of  Pilasters, 
bedstones,  (fee. 

Cub.  Feet. 

38 

Brickwork  or 
Stonework. 

Cub.  Yards. 

231 

10 

BB 

21 

38 

49 

15 

CC 

27 

38 

85 

20 

DD 

35 

38 

136i 

25 

EE 

42 

38 

202 

30 

FF 

52 

38 

278i 

35 

GG 

65 

38 

379 

In  all  cases  allow  for  backing  up  the  brickwork  with  earth  behind  the  wall  as  it  proceeds. 

The  above  figures  are  for  one  abutment  only,  and  the  design  is  suitable  for  ordinary  soils,  but  not  for 
wet  clays. 

E 


18 

PLATE  28. 


STANDARD  GAUGE  (4'  8f )  Road  on  Top. 

80  FEET  SPAN  TIMBER  TRUSS  BRIDGE. 

Rolling  Load  .       .  1  ^  tons  per  foot  run  of  bridge. 
Fixed  Load    .       .  £  ton  per  foot  run  of  bridge. 

Strain  on  Timber    .  In  tension  or  compression  not  exceeding  500  lbs.  per  square  inch. 


For  metre  gauge  the  general  dimensions  of  the  bridge  and  abutments  to  be  preserved,  but  the  timbers 
to  be  10  inches  x  10  inches  instead  of  12  inches  x  12  inches,  and  all  other  timber  scantlings  to  be  reduced 
in  the  same  proportion. 

Boiling  Load  .       .  1  ton  per  foot  run  of  bridge. 
Fixed  Load    .       .  ^  ton  per  foot  run  of  bridge. 

ESTIMATED  QUANTITIES. 

standard  Gauge.  Metre  Gauge. 

Timber                                                               2445  cub.  ft.  1698  cub.  ft. 

Wrought  Iron  in  hand  rail,  tie  rods,  bolts  &c.        .     2*95  tons.  2'5  tons. 

Gas  piping  1  in.  dia.       ......      500  ft.  run  500  ft.  run 

Coursed  rubble  on  face  in  mortar    ....      282  cub.  yds.  282  cub.  yds. 

Dry  rubble  at  back       ......      450  cub.  yds.  450  cub.  yds. 

Excavation  in  foundations     .       .       .       .       .125  cub.  yds.  125  cub.  yds. 


Allow  price  for  fixing  at  heiglit  above  ground. 


19 

PLATE  29. 


STANDARD  GAUGE  (4'  S^)- 


Road  on  Top. 


50  FEET  SPAN  TIMBER  VIADUCT,  WITH  STONE  PIERS. 

Rolling  Load  .       .  1^  tons  per  foot  run  of  bridge. 
Fired  Load  .       .  f  ton  per  foot  run  of  bridge. 

Strain  on  Timber   .  in  tension  or  compression,  not  exceeding  500  lbs.  per  square  inch. 

For  metre  gauge  the  general  dimensions  of  the  viaduct  and  piers  to  be  preserved,  but  the  timbers  to 
be  10  inches  x  10  inches,  instead  of  12  inches  x  12  inches,  and  all  other  timber  scantlings  to  be  reduced 
in  the  same  proportion. 

Rolling  Load  .  .  1  ton  per  foot  run  of  bridge. 
Fixed  Load   .       .  ^  ton  per  foot  run  of  bridge. 


ESTIMATED  QUANTITIES  IN  ONE  SPAN  OF  50  FEET. 


Timber  ....... 

Wrought  Iron  in  handrail,  tie  rods,  bolts,  &c. 
Masonry  in  brickwork  in  one  pier  50  ft.  high 
Excavation  in  foundations  .... 


standard  Gauge. 

948  cub.  ft. 


Metre  Gauge. 

660  cub.  ft. 


2-157  tons.  1-777  tons. 

178  cub.  yds.  178  cub.  yds. 
36  cub.  yds.        36  cub.  yds 


Allow  price  for  fixing  at  height  above  ground. 


20 


PLATE  30. 


STANDARD  GAUGE  (4  ft.  S^in.)  Road  on  Top. 

37  FEET  SPAN  TIMBER  VIADUCT,  WITH  STONE  OR  BRICK  PIERS. 

Rolling  Load  .       .  1^  tons  per  foot  rim  of  bridge. 
Fixed  Load    .       .  ^  ton  per  foot  run  of  bridge. 

Strain  on  Timber    .  In  tension  or  compression  not  exceeding  500  lbs.  per  square  inch. 


For  metre  gauge  the  general  dimensions  of  the  viaduct  and  piers  to  be  preserved,  but  the  timbers  to 
be  10  inches  x  10  inches  instead  of  12  inches  x  12  inches,  and  all  other  timber  scantlings  to  be  reduced 
in  the  same  proportion. 

Roiling  Load  .  .  1  ton  per  foot  run  of  bridge. 
Fixed  Load    .       .  ^  ton  per  foot  run  of  bridge. 

ESTIMATED  QUANTITIES  IN  ONE  SPAN  OF  37  FEET. 

ytandanl  Gauge.  Metre  Gauge. 

Timber         .   738  cub.  ft.  512  cub.  ft. 

Wrought  Iron  in  handrail,  tie  rods,  bolts,  &c.        .  1*013  tons.  0'813  tons. 

Masonry  or  brick  work  in  one  pier  22  ft.  high       .  54  cub.  yds.  54  cub.  yds. 

Excavation  in  foundations   15  cub.  yds.  15  cub.  yds. 


Allow  price  for  fixing  at  height  above  ground. 


21 


PLATE  31. 

I 

STANDARD  GAUGE  (4'  8^').  Road  on  Top. 

20  FEET  SPAN  TIMBER  VIADUCT. 

Rolling  Load  .       .  1|-  tons  per  foot  run  of  bridge. 
Fixed  Load    .       .    f  ton  per  foot  run  of  bridge. 

Strain  on  Timber     .    In  tension  or  compression  not  exceeding  500  lbs.  per  square  inch. 

For  metre  gauge  the  general  dimensions  of  the  viaduct  to  be  preserved,  but  the  timbers  to  be 
10  inches  x  10  inches  instead  of  12  inches  x  12  inches,  and  all  other  timber  scantlings  to  be  reduced  in 
the  same  proportion. 

Rolling  Load  .  .  1  ton  per  foot  run  of  bridge. 
Fixed  Load    .       .  ^  ton  per  foot  run  of  bridge. 


ESTIMATED  QUANTITIES  IN  ONE  SPAN  OF  20  FEET. 

standard  Gauge.  Metre  Gauge. 

Timber                                                              334  cub.  ft.  232  cub.  ft. 

Wrought  Iron  in  hand  rail,  tie  rods,  bolts,  &c.        .    0*481  tons  0'390  tons. 


22 


PLATE  32. 


STANDARD  GAUGE  (4'  8^").  Road  on  Top. 

VARIOUS  TIMBER  OPENINGS  FOR  FOOTPATHS,  CULVERTS,  CATTLE  CREEPS. 

Rolling  Load  .       .  1^  tons  per  foot  run  of  bridge. 
Fixed  Load   .       .  f  ton  per  foot  run  of  bridge. 

Strain  on  Timber   .  in  tension  or  compression  not  exceeding  500  lbs  per  square  inch. 

For  metre  gauge  the  general  dimensions  of  the  openings  to  be  preserved,  but  the  timbers  to  be 
10  inches  x  10  inches,  instead  of  12  inches  x  12  inches,  and  all  other  timber  scantlings  to  be  reduced  in 
the  same  proportion. 

Rolling  Load  .  .  1  ton  per  foot  run. 
Fixed  Load   .       .  ^  ton  per  foot  run. 


ESTIMATED  QUANTITIES. 


STANDARD  GAUGE   (4'  8^'' ). 


Clear  height 

Span 

Timber 

Timber,  per  ft. 

Wrought  Iron, 

No. 

ia  feet. 

in  feet. 

in  cubic  feet. 

run  of  span 
in  cubic  feet. 

in  bolts  and  ties. 

1 

5 

10 

300 

30 

6001bs=0-270  tons 

2 

10 

10 

350 

35 

700  lbs=0-313  tons 

3 

10 

15 

377 

25 

7541bs=0-337  tons 

4 

12 

Two  of  15 

741 

24 

1,482  lbs=0-662  tons 

5 

5 

20 

402 

20 

804  lbs=0-360  tons 

6 

12 

Two  of  20 

898 

23 

1,796  lbs =0-800  tons 

METRE  GAUGE. 

1 

5 

10 

209 

21 

4171bs=0-190  tons 

2 

10 

10 

243 

241 

4861bs=0-218  tons 

3 

10 

15 

262 

171 

5241bs=0-234  tons 

4 

12 

■  Two  of  15 

515 

17 

1,030  lbs=0'460  tons 

5 

5 

20 

280 

14 

5581bs=0-250  tons 

6 

12 

Two  of  20 

624 

151 

1,247  lbs=0-555  tons 

23 

PLATE  33. 

TIMBER  TRUNKS,  V  6",  2'  0"  AND  3'  0"  DIAMETER. 
OCCUPATION  GATE  10  FEET  WIDE. 


PLATE  34. 

PUBLIC  ROAD  CROSSING 
GATES. 


PLATE  35. 

FENCING  AND  PALISADING  OF  VARIOUS  SORTS. 

CATTLE  PEN. 


PLATE  36. 

ROUGH  CULVERTS  AND  CATTLE  ARCHES 

Of  unwrought  stone,  in  rough  work  polled  with  scabbling  hammer,  suitable  for  mountain  railways, 
where  flags  or  slate,  or  superior  shale  rock,  having  a  good  flat  bed,  can  be  found  on  the  spot,  and  where 
skilled  labour  is  expensive. 

The  areas  of  each  section  are  given  on  the  Plate. 


24 


PLATE  37. 


CxBNBRAL  IRON  PIER 


ESTIMATED  QUANTITIES. 


WROUGHT  IRON 

One  Bearing  Girder,  &c.... 

Angle  Iron  Bracing  

Lewis  Bolts  to  Stone   

Bolts  Column  to  Column  .. 

L  Ii"on  Bracing  

Diagonal  Flat  Bracing  

Rolled  Joists  


Total  Wrought  Iron  in  Piers 


CAST  IRON. 

In  Six  f"  Columns    2-832 

bix. Foundation  Columns  1-872 


4-704  +  2-832   

7-536  +  2-832   

10-368  +  3-126   

13-494  +  3-126   

16-620  +  3-126   

19-746  +  3-306   

23-052  +  3-306   

26-358  +  3-306   

29-664  +  3-306   

Total  Weight  of  Ironwork  in 
('iflcrent  Piers   


i-<- 

0) 

1^ 

m 

0) 

(V 

t-.- 

S 

CO 

vO 

03 

o 

a 

b 

c 

d 

e 

f 

A 

J 

/<: 

2-05o 

0  212 

0-263 

2-528 

UO  / 

U  Uo  / 

U  \Joi 

U  Uo  / 

A.AQ7 

u  uo/ 

A.nQ7 
U  Uo/ 

U  Uo/ 

0-087 

U  Uo/ 

0-212 

0  zl2 

0-212 

0-212 

A.01  O 

U  212 

0-212 

0-212 

0-212 

0-212 

0-732 

•749 

-7G7 

■785 

•803 

•821 

•856 

-892 

•928 

-961 

•677 

-715 

•753 

•804 

•854 

•904 

-955 

1-006 

1^056 

1-107 

4-024 

1-763 

1-819 

1-888 

1-956 

2^024 

2-110 

2-197 

2-283 

2-367 

4-024 

5-787 

7-606 

-  9-494 

11^450 

13-474 

15-584 

17-781 

20-064 

4-024 

5-787 

7  bOb 

9'494 

11-450 

13-474 

15^584 

17-781 

20-064 

22-431 

4-704 

7-536 

10-368 

13-494 

16-620 

19-746 

23-052 

26-358 

29-664 

32-970 

8-728 

13-323 

17-974 

22-988 

28-070 

33^220 

38-636 

44-139 

49-728 

55-401 

u 

d 

^- 

o 

3 

3 

o 

u 

1^ 

K 

s 

■in 

>o 

(M 

CO 

I 

>o 

>o 
to 

OO 

o 

Note. — This  Pier  will  carry  a  load  of  200  Tons,  or  a  Standard  Gauge  Span  of  100  feet;  allowing  a  factor 

of  safety  oi  Six. 


LIDRARY 

OF  THE 

^'VfillJiTV  of  ILLINOIS, 


25 


EARTHWORK  TABLES- 


The  object  of  these  tables  is  to  enable  long  lengths  of  Sections  to  be  computed  with  rapidity  ;  where 
the  absolute  precision  required  for  permanent  works  is  not  necessary,  but  where  it  is  required  to  estimate 
only  within  a  small  per  centage  (5  per  cent.)  The  mean  depth  or  height  of  the  cutting  or  bank  in  each 
chain  being  measured,  the  corresponding  quantity  of  earthwork  will  be  found  in  the  table. 

The  central  portions  being  given  separately,  any  formation  quantity  can  be  calculated. 


Example. — Required  approximately  the  quantity  in  this  cutting,  taking  slopes  at  1  to  1,  and  formation 
width  10  feet. 


Total 


Feet. 

Cub.  yds. 

3  = 

95 

7  = 

291 

11  = 

565 

17  = 

1,122 

16  = 

1,017 

7  = 

291 

2  = 

59 

,  ;  .  .  . 

3440 

3440       (By  Bidder's  tables  gives  3330.) 


Where  the  ground  is  very  irregular,  shorter  lengths  than  1  chain  may  be  taken,  &c. 

G 


2G 


dtaCtEam  spiowing  eaethwoek  in  sidelong  geound. 


Sidelong  Cross  Section  to  find  the  depth  or  height,  which  will  represent  a  corresponding  Cutting  or 

Embankment  in  Level  Cross  Section. 

Let  A  B  represent  ground  sloping  laterally. 

Draw  C  D  horizontal  through  centre  point  E. 

Make  B  F  =  C  A. 

Bisect  D  F  at  K. 

Join  K  C  then  G  H  is  the  height  required,  nearly — and  the  line  K  G  C  may  be  substituted 
for  A  E  B. 

And  G  H  is  the  height  on  which  the  quantity  from  the  tables  is  to  be  taken. 


H 


^iOTE- — If  greater  accuracy  is  required,  repeat  the  operation,  taking  K  G  C  as  the  ground  line. 


27 


A 

10  Ft. 
FORMATION. 

SLOPES- CUBIC  YARDS  IN  ONE 

CHAIN. 

I  ej  itli  or 
Height  in 
feet. 

B 

Cubic  yds.  in  one  chain. 

c 

^  to  1 

D 

1  to  1. 

E 

IJ  to  1=C+D. 

1 

24 

1 

2 

3 

2 

49 

5 

10 

15 

3 

id 

11 

22 

33 

4 

no 
95 

20 

39 

59 

5 

31 

61 

91 

6 

14/ 

44 

88 

132 

7 

60 

120 

180 

o 

8 

1 

78 

156 

234 

9 

99 

198 

C\  r\  rj 

297 

10 

9  1/1 

122 

244 

366 

1  -1 

11 

zby 

148 

296 

444 

12 

zyo 

176 

352 

528 

13 

910 

207 

413 

620 

14 

o4z 

240 

479 

719 

15 

OD  / 

275 

550 

825 

16 

QQ1 

313 

626 

939 

17 

353 

706 

1,059 

18 

/I  /I  A 

396 

792 

1,188 

19 

/I  f  /< 

441 

882 

1,323 

20 

/I  Q  Q 

4oy 

489 

978 

1,46  ^ 

21 

rci  Q 
oio 

539 

1,078 

1,617 

22 

Ooo 

592 

1,183 

1,775 

23 

562 

647 

1,293 

1,940 

24 

587 

704 

1,408 

2,112 

25 

611 

764 

1,528 

2,292 

26 

636 

826 

1,652 

2,478 

27 

660 

891 

1,782 

2,673 

28 

685 

958 

1,916 

2,874 

29 

709 

1,028 

2,056 

3,084 

30 

733 

1,100 

2,200 

3,300 

35 

856 

1,497 

2,994 

4,491 

40 

978 

1,956 

3,911 

5,867 

28 


Depth  or 

10  Ft  formation  AND  SLOPES— CUBIC  YARDS  IN  ONE  CHAIN. 

EMBANKMENT  OVER 
A  PLAIN. 

Height  in 
feet. 

B  +  C 

i  to  1. 

B  +  D 

1  to  1. 

B  +  E 

IJ  to  1. 

Cubic  yiirds  p^r  mile 
li  to  1. 

1 

25 

2b 

CI  7 

27 

2,160 

2 

54 

09 

5,120 

3 

84 

95 

lOb 

8,480 

4 

"1  "1  o 

118 

1  Q  7 

io  / 

1  K  7 

157 

12,560 

5 

"ICO 

153 

loo 

216 

17,040 

6 

191 

f)  9  K 
ZOO 

279 

22,320 

7 

231 

291 

OKI 

351 

28,080 

8 

274 

oo2 

430 

34,400 

9 

319 

K  1  7 

517 

41,360 

10 

366 

4oo 

blO 

48,800 

11 

417 

obo 

713 

57,040 

12 

469 

b40 

o21 

65,680 

13 

525 

7  91 

9oo 

75,040 

14 

582 

ozi 

i,Ubi 

84,880 

15 

642 

1   1  QO 

ijiyz 

95,360 

16 

704 

1  m  7 
1,017 

i,ooU 

106,400 

17 

769 

1  1  oo 

1,4  <  0 

118,000 

18 

836 

l,zo2 

i,bzo 

130,240 

19 

905 

1,o4d 

1  787 

142,960 

20 

978 

1    /<  C  7 

i,4b  1 

1,  yoD 

156,480 

21 

1,052 

1  KOI 

1,091 

9  1 

Z,  ioU 

22 

1,130 

1,721 

2,313 

23 

1,209 

1,855 

2,502 

24 

1,291 

1,995 

2,699 

25 

1,375 

2,139 

2,903 

26 

1,462 

2,288 

3,114 

27 

1,551 

2,442 

3,333 

28 

1,643 

2,601 

3,559 

29 

1,737 

2,765 

3,793 

30 

1,833 

2,933 

4,033 

35 

2,353 

3,850 

5,347 

40 

2,934 

4,889 

6,845 

29 


Depth  or 

12  Ft. 
FORMATION. 

12  Ft.  FOKMATION 
AND  SLOPES— CUBIC  YARDS  IN  ONE  CHAIN. 

CONTINUOUS 
EMBANKMENT 
OVER  A  PLAIN. 

Height  in 
feet. 

G 

jCu.  yds.  in  one  chain 

G  +  C 

2    tO  i. 

G  +  D 

1  1 

1  uy  I. 

G  +  E 

1  ^  to  1  . 

Cubic  yards  per  mile. 
11  to  1 

1 
i 

i 

9Q 

30 

31 

32 

2,560 

Z 

Ov 

64 

69 

74 

5  920 

6 

oo 

99 

110 

121 

9  680 

A 

4 

X  xo 

138 

157 

177 

14  160 

D 

XtiO 

177 

207 

237 

18  960 

J-  Vj^  *J  \j\J 

n 
O 

X  (  0 

220 

264 

308 

24,640 

7 

265 

325 

385 

30  800 

o 
o 

9^^ 
ZOO 

313 

391 

469 

37,520 

Q 

y 

9ftJ 
ZD4 

363 

462 

561 

44,880 

1  A 

9QQ 

415 

537 

659 

52  720 

1 1 

X 1 

^9R 

471 

619 

767 

61,360 

1  9 

528 

704 

880 

70,400 

JL  O 

389 
oo  z 

589 

795 

1,002 

80,160 

1  4 
14 

4.1 1 

t:X  X 

651 

890 

1,130 

90,400 

io 

4-4.0 

715 

990 

1,265 

101,200 

i  0 

4.fiQ 
■it)  y 

782 

1,095 

1,408 

112,640 

1  7 

4QQ 

r±  f  t7 

852 

1,205 

1,558 

124,640 

1  8 
X  o 

924 

1,320 

1,716 

137,280 

1  Q 

X  J 

oo  1 

998 

1,439 

1,880 

150,400 

90 

oo  1 

1,076 

1,565 

2,054 

164,320 

7 

91 
z  1 

D  X  0 

1,155 

1,694 

2,233 

99 

fi4.A 

1,238 

1,829 

2,421 

23 

674 

1,321 

1,967 

2,614 

24 

704 

1,408 

2,112 

2,816 

25 

733 

1,497 

.  2,261 

3,025 

2G 

763 

1,589 

2,415 

3,241 

27 

792 

1,683 

2,574 

3,465 

28 

822 

1,780 

2,738 

3,696 

29 

851 

1,879 

2,907 

3,935 

30 

880 

1,980 

3,080 

4,180 

35 

1,027 

2,524 

4,021 

5,518 

40 

1,174 

3,130 

5,085 

7,041 

30 


14  Ft. 
FORMATION. 

14  Ft.  formation 
AND  SLOPES— CUBIC  YARDS  IN  ONE  CHAIN. 

CONTINUOUS 
EMBANKMENT 
OVER  A  PLAIN. 

Height  in 
feet. 

H 

1  1 

Cu.  yds.  in  one  chain. 

H  +  C 

i  to  1. 

H  +  D 

1  to  1. 

H  +  E 

li  to  1. 

Cubic  yards  per  mile, 
li  to  1. 

1 

34 

oO 

OO 

^7 

2,960 

2 

69 

7  A 

7Q 

6,720 

3 

102 

1  lo 

1  94 

1 

lOO 

10,800 

4 

137 

1  K7 

1  7Ci 
X  ID 

1  Qf\ 

lyo 

15,680 

5 

171 

9fi9 

20,960 

6 

206 

ZO\J 

OOO 

27,040 

7 

239 

41  Q 

33,520 

8 

274 

oOZ 

A  9A 

PiAR 

40,640 

9 

308 

Af\7 

out) 

DUO 

48,400 

10 

342 

OoO 

70R 

56,640 

11 

377 

fi79 
o  <  o 

R91 

O  Z(  X 

65,680 

12 

410 

7fi9 

75,040 

13 

445 

OOO 

1  065 

85,200 

14 

479 

71  Q 

1  1  98 

J.  J  J.  1/  O 

AC    O  -4  A 

95,840 

15 

514 

t  ov 

1  ^^9 

"1  A^    1  OA 

107,120 

16 

547 

RfiO 
oou 

1  17^ 

1  4R6 

110    D  O  A 

118,880 

17 

582 

voo 

1  9RR 

1  641 

131,280 

18 

616 

1  A1  9 

1  4.AR 

1  804 

t   4  A     O  O  A 

144,320 

19 

650 

1  OQI 

1  fi^9 

J., OOZ 

1  f)7^ 

X,  C  1  o 

157,840 

20 

685 

1  1  74. 

Jl,000 

9  1  fi9 
^,xo^ 

172,160 

21 

718 

1  9*^7 

1  7Qfi 

J-,  1  I/O 

^,ooo 

22 

753 

1,345 

1,936 

2,528 

23 

787 

1,434 

2,080 

2,727 

24 

822 

1,526 

2,230 

2,934 

25 

855 

1,619 

2,383 

3,147 

26 

890 

1,716 

2,542 

3,368 

27 

924 

1,815 

2,706 

3,597 

28 

959 

1,917 

2,875 

3,833 

29 

993 

2,021 

3,049 

4,077 

30 

1,026 

2,126 

3,226 

4,326 

35 

1,198 

2,695 

4,192 

5,689 

40 

1,369 

3,325 

5,280 

7,236 

31 


Dcptli  or 

16  Ft. 
FOKMATION. 

16  Ft.  FOKMATION 
AND  SLOPES— CUBIC  YARDS  IN  ONE  CHAIN. 

CONTINUOUS 
EMBANKMENT 
OVER  A  PLAIN. 

Height  in 
feet. 

1 

Cu.  yds.  in  one  ch  ain 

J  +  c 

^  to  1. 

J  +  D 

1  to  1. 

J  +  E 

1^  to  1. 

Cubic  yards  per  luile 
I  J  to  1. 

1 

38 

39 

40 

41 

3,280 

2 

78 

83 

88 

93 

7,440 

3 

117 

128 

139 

150 

12,000 

4 

157 

177 

196 

216 

17,280 

5 

195 

226 

256 

286 

22,880 

6 

235 

279 

323 

367 

29,360 

7 

274 

334 

394 

454 

36,320 

8 

314 

392 

470 

548 

43,840 

9 

352 

451 

550 

649 

51,920 

10 

390 

512 

634 

756 

60,480 

11 

430 

578 

726 

874 

69,920 

12 

469 

645 

821 

997 

79,760 

13 

509 

716 

922 

1,129 

90,320 

14 

547 

787 

1,026 

1,266 

101,280 

15 

587 

862 

1,137 

1,412 

112,960 

16 

626 

939 

1,252 

1,565 

125,200 

17 

666 

1,019 

1,372 

1,725 

138,000 

18 

704 

1,100 

1,496 

1,892 

151,360 

19 

742 

1,183 

1,624 

2,065 

165,200 

20 

782 

1,271 

1,760 

2,249 

179,920 

21 

821 

1,360 

1,899 

2,438 

22 

861 

1,453 

2,044 

2,636 

23 

899 

1,546 

2,192 

2,839 

24 

939 

1,643 

2,347 

3,051 

25 

978 

1,742 

2,506 

3,270 

26 

1,018 

1,844 

2,670 

3,496 

27 

1,056 

1,947 

2,838 

3,729 

28 

1,096 

2,054 

3,012 

3,970 

29 

1,134 

2,162 

3,190 

4,218 

30 

1,173 

2,273 

3,373 

4,473 

35 

1,370 

2,867 

4,364 

5,861 

40 

1,565 

3,521 

5,476 

7,432 

OUTLINE  OF 

SPECIFICATION 

OF  THE  WOEKS  NECESSARY  FOR  THE  CONSTRUCTION  AND  CO^AIPLETION 

OF  THE  A  AND  B  RAILWAY. 


DESCRIPTION  OF  RAILWAY. 

1.  The  Railway  intended  to  be  constructed  and  included  in  this  Specification  will  commence  in  the 
Parish  of  [  ],  and  terminate  in  the  Parish  of  [  ],  being  a  length  of  main  line 
of  [           ]  miles  [           ]  chains. 

NATURE  AND  EXTENT  OF  THE  CONTRACT. 

2.  The  Contract  will  consist  of  the  Formation  and  Completion  of  a  double  (or  single)  Line  of  Railway, 
[  ]  S^^S^  throughout,  complete  in  all  respects,  and  ready  for  opening  for  public  traffic,  including 
Junctions  with  existing  lines ;  and  at  least  equal  in  general  character  to  a  [  ]  class  English  Railway. 
(The  Stations  alone  being  excepted,  which  are  not  included  in  this  Contract.) 

The  Contractor  is  to  provide  all  Materials,  Work  and  Labour  necessary  and  proper  for  the  execution 
of  such  Railway,  including  all  Earthwork,  Bridges,  Viaducts,  Tunnels,  and  Permanent  Way,  and  all  Works 
relating  thereto,  or  affected  thereby;  such  as  Drains,  Sewers,  Culverts,  Waterways,  Diversions  of  Streams, 
Waterpipes,  Gaspipes,  Footpaths,  Bridge  Approaches,  Accommodation  Works,  Temporary  Roads  and 
Footways,  or  any  other  Communications  which  may  be  required  (Station  Buildings  excluded*),  also 
Signal,  Mile  and  Gradient  Posts,  and  Telegraphs,  together  with  [  ]  chains  of  Sidings  in  addition  to 
those  required  at  the  respective  Junctions. 

The  Company  reserve  the  power  to  omit  from  the  Contract  any  portion  of  the  Specified  Works  which 
they  may  become  desirous  not  to  construct;  and  the  Engineer  shall  determine  the  amount,  based  upon  the 
Schedule  of  Prices  hereunto  attached,  which  shall  be  deducted  from  the  contract  sum  in  respect  of  such 
omissions. 

TIME. 

3.  The  whole  of  the  Contract  to  be  completed  in  [  ]  months  from  the  date  of  the  order  to  proceed, 
under  a  Penalty  of  £  [  ]  per  Week,  for  all  such  time  as  it  may  remain  uncompleted  beyond  the  period 
specified. 

PAYMENTS. 

4.  The  Works  are  to  be  measured  up  Monthly,  and  a  Certificate,  based  on  the  Schedule  of  Prices 
hereunto  annexed,  shall  be  made  out  by  the  Engineer  for  the  value  of  such  works ;  and  payment  is  to  be 
made  to  the  Contractor  within  [  ]  days  of  the  issuing  of  such  Certificate  at  the  rate  of  [  ]  per  cent, 
of  the  amount  thereof ;  a  further  sum  of  [  ]  per  cent,  being  retained  until  the  final  Certificate  of  the 
Engineer  is  given. 

"  THE  ENGINEER." 

5.  The  word  Engineer  shall  mean  the  Company's  Engineer  for  the  time  being;  but  all  instructions 
relating  to  the  mode  of  carrying  on  the  work  given  by  his  Assistants,  Representatives,  or  Inspectors  to  the 
Contractor  or  his  Agent,  shall  be  considered  as  being  given  by  the  Engineer  to  the  Contractor. 

LEVELS  AND  GRADIENTS. 

6.  The  line  or  course  of  the  Railway  as  described,  and  also  the  levels  and  gradients  of  the  same,  are 
shown  on  the  Plans  and  Sections  hereunto  annexed  and  numbered  [  J  ;  but  power  is  reserved  to  the 
Engineer  to  vary  and  make  such  lateral  or  vertical  deviations  from  such  line  or  levels  within  the 
(Parliamentary  or  the  Concessions)  limits  of  deviation  as  in  his  opinion  may  be  necessary  or  expedient. 

•  The  Station  Buildings  are  usually  measured  and  paid  on  a  Schedule  or  a  Separate  Contract. 

I 


34 


The  value  of  all  additions  or  deductions  caused  by  such  deviations  shall  be  estimated  on  the  Schedule 
hereunto  attached;  and  the  amount  so  ascertained  shall  be  added  to,  or  taken  from  the  lump  contract  sum; 
but  no  extras  or-  additions  will  be  allowed  to  the  Contractor  for  whicb  he  cannot  produce  the  Engineer's 
written  order. 

DRAWINGS  AND  PLANS. 

7.  All  Drawings,  Plans  or  Sections  furnished  by  the  Engineer  are  to  be  adhered  to,  and  figured 
dimensions  are  to  be  adopted  in  preference  to  scaled  dimensions,  the  Engineer's  decision,  however,  being 
final  in  every  case  of  dispute. 

CONTRACTOR'S  PLANS. 

8.  The  Contractor  will  be  provided  with  one  set  of  copies  of  all  Plans  and  Specifications  (and 
Quantities)  for  his  own  use. 

SETTING  OUT. 

9.  The  centre  line  of  the  Works  will  be  set  out  by  the  Engineer,  and  the  side  widths  will  be  put  in 
by  him  or  bis  Assistants ;  the  Contractor  providing  the  necessary  stakes  and  labour  for  the  purpose. 

SUPERVISION. 

10.  The  Contractor  shall  provide,  at  his  own  cost,  competent  persons,  to  be  approved  by  the  Engineer, 
to  set  out  the  Works  in  detail  in  the  manner  provided  for  in  the  Specification  and  Drawings,  and  to  direct 
the  Works ;  who  shall  be  responsible  for  the  fixing,  upholding,  and  preserving  all  such  stakes,  marks  and 
templates  as  may  be  necessary  for  that  purpose,  and  such  persons  shall  at  all  times  furnish  to  the  Engineer 
such  information  as  he  may  require  relative  to  the  heights  and  directions  of  the  lines  followed  in  the  Works, 
the  quantity  of  work  executed,  and  all  other  matters  relating  to  the  setting  out,  proceeding  with  and 
maintaining  the  Works;  and  all  instructions  given  by  the  Engineer  or  his  Assistants  shall  be  promptly 
and  faithfully  attended  to  by  the  Contractor  or  his  representatives. 

ALTERATIONS. 

11.  The  Engineer  shall  have  power  to  vary  or  alter,  diminish  or  increase,  or  abandon  any  of  the  Works 
shown  upon  the  Contract  Plans,  and  Sections,  and  Drawings,  and  not  already  alluded  to  herein,  to  an 
extent  not  exceeding  ten  per  cent,  either  way;  and  any  additions  or  deductions  caused  by  such  variations 
(except  for  Foundations)  shall  be  calculated  on  the  Schedule,  and  added  to  or  taken  from  the  Contract  sum. 
With  the  consent  of  the  Contractor  the  limit  of  ten  per  cent,  may  be  extended  either  way. 

MAINTENANCE.  " 

12.  The  Contractor  is  to  guarantee  the  stability  of  all  Works  included  in  this  Contract,  and  to  be  liable 
for  all  risks  and  accidents  to  which  they  may  be  subject  during  their  progress,  and  is  to  maintain  the  same 
in  good  and  substantial  repair  for  the  space  of  months  from  the  opening  of  the  Line  for  public 
trafiic,  so  far  as  regards  the  Earthworks  and  Works  of  Art  (in  respect  of  the  Permanent  Way,  see  special 
clause) ;  all  defects,  settlements,  flaws  in  any  part  being  made  good,  and  all  Materials  which  .in  the 
Engineer's  opinion  may  be  considered  defective  shall  be  removed;  new  Drainage  Works  being  carried  out, 
if  required. 

TEMPORARY  WORKS. 

13.  The  Contractor  shall  provide  all  Temporary  Works  and  Roads  which  may  be  required,  and  shall 
take  special  care  to  avoid  obstructing  the  traffic  of  any  of  the  Railways,  Public  Roads,  Canals,  Rivers,  or 
other  means  of  access  and  communication ;  and  shall  hold  the  Company  harmless  in  the  event  of  any 
obstruction  occurring,  or  from  any  accidents  or  contingent  claims  arising  therefrom. 

DISCOVERIES. 

14.  All  Treasures,  Coins,  Antiquities,  or  Curiosities,  natural  or  artificial,  which  shall  be  discovered 
during  the  progress  of  the  work  on  the  land,  shall  be  deemed  to  belong  to  the  Company,  and  shall  be 
carefully  preserved  and  handed  to  the  Engineer  of  the  Company. 


35 


ARBITRATION. 

15.  In  the  event  of  any  difference  or  dispute  arising  as  to  the  interpretation  of  this  Contract,  or  any 
part  thereof,  the  same  shall  be  referred  to  the  Arbitration  of  of 

whose  decision  shall  be  final  and  binding. 

LAND,  BUILDINGS,  AND  STANDING  TIMBER. 

16.  The  Company  will  provide  Land  for  the  Railway,  and  for  all  Works  of  a  permanent  character 
connected  therewith ;  but  any  other  Land  which  the  Contractor  may  require  for  carrying  out  the  operations, 
or  for  the  purpose  of  Side- cutting,  procuring  Ballast,  or  making  temporary  Roads  for  carrying  Material  to  or 
from  the  Works,  or  other  temporary  purposes,  is  to  be  provided  by  the  Contractor  at  his  own  cost.  In 
doing  this,  however,  he  will  have  the  assistance  of  the  Company's  (Parliamentary  or  Concession)  Powers, 
but  all  expense  must  be  borne  by  him. 

All  Timber  or  Buildings  which  may  be  upon  the  Lands  when  taken  possession  of  by  the  Contractor 
shall  be  accounted  for  by  him  to  the  Company. 

The  Lands  required  for  the  Permanent  Works  shall  be  given  to  the  Contractor  at  such  times  as  he  shall 
be  ready  to  commence  the  work  uj)on  them ;  and  before  commencing  the  work  he  shall  fence  them  off. 


36 


MATERIALS  AND  WORKMANSHIP. 

17.  All  Materials  and  Workmanship  employed  on  this  Contract  shall  be  the  best  of  their  kind;  and 
shall  in  all  cases  be  subject  to  the  approval  of  the  Engineer;  and  shall  be  put  to  such  reasonable  tests  as 
may  be  deemed  necessary  by  him ;  but  the  fact  of  the  Work  having  been  certified  for  by  the  Engineer,  or 
passed  by  his  Inspector,  is  in  nowise  to  be  taken  as  a  release  to  the  Contractor  from  the  obligation  of 
maintenance  as  hereinbefore  stated. 

FENCING. 

18.  To  consist  of  a  Quickset  Fence  on  each  side  of  the  line,  and  also  of  a  Post  and  Rail  Fence  (or 
Seven  Wire  Fence). 

The  Quicks  shall  be  healthy  plants,  three  years  old,  set  in  a  double  row,  12  to  the  yard  lineal,  with 
proper  mound  and  ditch.  They  shall  be  kept  clean  and  properly  trimmed,  and  where  any  die  they  shall  be 
replaced. 

The  Post  and  Rail  Fencing  to  consi^  of  posts  of  oak  or  larch,  6  ft.  8  ins.  long,  and  7  ins.  x  3^  ins.,  or 
of  equal  section  at  the  smallest  part,  mortised  with  four  holes  to  receive  the  rails,  and  placed  9  ft.  apart, 
centre  to  centre,  and  2  ft.  6  in.  in  the  ground,  and  hooped  at  the  top  with  I5  "  hoopmg  iron;  "  the  rails  to 
be  of  larch  4  in.  x  2  in.  or  of  equal  section  at  the  smallest  part  passed  through  the  post  3  in. ;  Prick  Posts 
5  ft.  6  in.  X  4  in.  x  2  in.  to  be  driven  into  the  ground  midway  between  the  posts,  and  firmly  nailed  to 
each  rail. 

One  length  of  this  Fencing  to  be  put  up  for  the  Engineer's  approval ;  before  the  rest  is  proceeded  with. 

The  Wire  Fencing  (if  used)  shall  consist  of  oak  straining-posts,  8  ft.  long,  and  9  in.  x  9  in.  diesquare, 
and  wrought  above  ground  and  rough  in  the  ground,  placed  3  ft.  9  in.  in  the  earth,  and  at  an  average 
distance  of  220  yards  apart,  or  nearer  where  openings  in  the  Fence  are  required;  and  furnished  with  proper 
tightening  rachets  and  struts.  Ordinary  posts  are  to  be  of  round  oak  or  larch,  and  not  less  than  5  in. 
diameter  at  the  smallest  girth;  to  be  7  ft.  long,  and  2  ft.  9  in.  in  the  ground;  to  be  firmly  fixed  12  ft. 
apart,  centre  to  centre,  and  to  have  seven  wires,  0  gauge,  strained  along  them  and  secured  at  each  crossing 
with  strong  staples  1^  in.  long.  A  Prick  Post  of  oak  or  larch  5  ft.  9  in.  long,  and  4  in.  x  2  in.  in  section  is 
to  be  driven  2  ft.  9  in.  into  the  ground,  halfway  between  the  ordinary  posts,  and  fastened  to  the  wires  at 
each  crossing,  with  staples ;  as  shown  on  the  Drawing. 

EARTHWORK. 

19.  The  Ground  to  be  thoroughly  cleared  of  all  Timber  and  Fences. 

All  Cuttings  and  Embankments  to  be  feet  wide,  at  a  level  of  inches  below  the  upper 

surface  of  the  rails,  which  level  is  to  be  called  the  Formation  Level,  and  is  shown  red  on  the  sections. 

All  Embankments  to  be  formed  with  a  slope  of  not  less  than  1^  horizontal  to  1  vertical ;  and  all  cuttings 
with  a  slope  of  not  less  than  to  1 ;  but  in  every  case  sufficient  to  prevent  slipping. 

All  Embankments  to  be  properly  trimmed  and  soiled  6  inches  deep,  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  Engineer; 
sufficient  soil  for  the  purpose,  or  turf  where  it  exists,  being  taken  off  first  of  all  from  the  site  of  the 
embankments.  Where  the  slopes  are  not  covered  with  turf,  they  shall  be  sown  with  rye  grass  and  clover 
seed  in  the  proportion  of  3  lbs.  of  clover  and  3  bushels  of  rye  grass  to  the  acre;  and  should  these  seeds  fail 
they  are  to  be  re -sown. 

Should  the  Cuttings  not  prove  sufficient  to  provide  materials  for  forming  the  Embankments,  then 
excavation  shall  be  made  from  the  side  at  such  points  and  in  such  form  as  the  Engineer  may  direct ;  and 
should  the  Cuttings  give  more  earth  than  is  required,  then  the  excess  shall  be  run  out,  either  to  spoil  or  to 
the  Avidening  of  the  Embankments  or  Station  Yards,  or  Road  Aj)proaches,  in  such  manner  as  the  Engineer 
may  direct. 

The  Cuttings  shall  be  effectively  Drained  by  ditch  or  pipes. 

Proper  Culverts  shall  be  inserted  in  the  Embankments  to  allow  for  the  necessary  Drainage  of  the 
country. 

The  surface  of  all  Road  Approaches  to  have  9  inches  of  broken  stone  2^  inches  square,  and  3  inches  of 
fine  broken  stone  or  gravel,  as  the  Engineer  may  select;  and  the  making  and  maintaining  of  the  Highways 


37 

and  Turnpike  and  Occupation  Roads  shall  be  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  Surveyors  or  other  authorities,  and  of 
the  Occupiers  for  the  time  being. 

All  Earthwork  shall,  on  completion,  be  carefully  trimmed  off,  and  neatly  finished  to  the  dimensions 
shown  on  the  Sections. 

Where  the  ground  is  boggy  or  wet,  faggots  and  bushes  shall  be  laid  upon  it  before  the  Embankment  is 
formed,  to  insure  the  stability  of  the  line. 

FOUNDATIONS. 

20.  The  Foundations  of  Works  are  generally  shown  upon  the  Drawings,  but  the  Contractor  shall  in 
all  cases  go  to  a  greater  or  less  depth  if  such  be  considered  desirable  by  the  Engineer;  but  such  greater  or 
less  depth  of  Foundations  shall  not  alter  or  vary  the  amount  of  the  Contract  Sum  in  any  way. 

BRICKWORK. 

21.  To  be  constructed  with  the  best  new,  sound,  and  well-shapen  hard-burnt  bricks,  and  with  mortar 
composed  of  one  part  of  fresh  well-burnt  blue  lias  lime,  of  Greaves  and  Kershaw's  make,  or  of  other  of  equal 
quality,  and  approved  by  the  Engineer,  and  three  parts  of  clean  sharp  sand,  to  be  mixed  dry,  and  to  be  well 
tempered  by  being  passed  through  a  Pug  Mill,  with  a  proper  quantity  of  water.  The  bricks  to  be  well 
watered  before  being  used. 

No  Brickwork  to  be  carried  on  during  frost.  No  joint  shall  be  more  than  ^-in.  thick,  and  outside  joints 
to  be  neatly  drawn  and  pointed  where  required  by  the  Engineer. 

All  Brickwork  shall  be  executed  in  the  best  style,  and  in  English  Bond. 

Portland  Cement  shall  be  used  instead  of  blue  lias  lime  in  the  Arches,  and  in  all  places  below  water. 
The  Brickwork  shall  be  backed  up  with  dry  earth  as  the  work  proceeds. 
All  Arches  shall  be  covered  with  Asphalte  one  inch  thick,  laid  in  two  layers. 

The  Price  for  the  Brickwork  is  to  include  all  necessary  scaffolding,  stagings,  centres,  and  coffer-dams. 
In  all  Battering  Walls,  whether  curved  or  straight,  the  bed  of  the  bricks  shall  be  at  right  angles  to  the 
face  of  the  external  battering  line. 

STONEWORK. 

22.  AVhere  stone  is  used  for  Walls  or  Abutments,  it  shall  be  approved  by  the  Engineer,  in  all  cases 
Samples  being  submitted  to  him  first  of  all.  It  shall  be  uniform  in  quality  and  colour,  and  the  description 
of  the  work  shall  be  that  known  as  Coursed  Rubble,  with  carefully  hammer-picked  beds  and  joints,  laid  in 
its  natural  bed,  and  well  filled  in  and  grouted  with  mortar  as  described  for  the  Brickwork. 

The  String-Courses,  Imposts,  Quoins  and  Copings  to  be  tool  dressed. 

Bramley  Fall  or  York  Stone  to  be  used  to  receive  the  ends  of  all  Girders,  as  bed-stones. 

CONCRETE. 

23.  To  consist  of  one  part  of  blue  lias  lime,  or  other  of  equal  and  approved  quality,  and  three  parts  of 
clean  sharp  sand,  passed  with  a  proper  proportion  of  water  through  a  Jury  Mill  or  Pug  Mill,  and  then 
thoroughly  mixed  with  an  equal  quantity  of  clean  gravel,  so  that  the  proportion  of  lime  to  sand  and  gravel 
shall  be  as  one  to  six. 

The  Concrete  shall  be  thrown  into  the  Foundations  from  a  height  of  not  less  than  6  feet  immediately 
after  mixing,  and  shall  not  be  built  upon  till  it  has  thoroughly  set. 

Where  necessary,  and  in  wet  sites,  the  Engineer  may  require-  Portland  Cement  to  be  employed  instead 
of  blue  lias  lime. 

TIMBER  IN  STRUCTURES. 

24.  All  rough  Timber  Work  shall  be  executed  in  the  best  style  of  rough  ship's  carpentry,  that  is, 
undressed  in  the  main  scanthngs,  but  wrought  true  at  all  surfaces  in  contact  ;  and  all  mortises,  tenons, 
housings  and  scarfings  and  other  joints  shall  be  truly  formed  and  fitted. 

All  Planking  to  be  spiked  with  spikes  twice  as  long  as  the  planks  are  thick  ;  two  of  them  at  each 
crossing,  driven  at  a  slight  angle  with  each  other  and  the  vertical. 

K 


» 


38 


All  Timber  Structures  to  be  tborouglily  bolted,  strapped  and  secured  by  wrought  iron  fastenings,  and 
for  such  fastenings  an  allowance  of  2  lbs.  of  iron  is  made  to  every  cubic  foot  of  timber  (where  the  spans 
are  not  exceptional,  or  the  height  excessive,  in  which  case  more  is  allowed).  The  position  and  direction 
of  the  minor  fastenings,  where  not  shown  upon  the  Drawings,  to  be  determined  by  the  Engineer. 

All  Wrought  Timber  to  be  executed  in  the  best  style  of  carpentry,  and  painted  three  times  in  oil 
of  approved  colour. 

Where  the  Timber  is  shown  upon  the  Drawings  to  be  creosoted,  8  lbs.  of  creosote  shall  be  forced 
under  pressure  into  every  cubic  foot  of  dry  timber. 

Where  the  Timber  is  shown  to  be  tarred,  the  Stockholm  tar  shall  be  used  ;  one  coat  being  paid  after 
erection,  and  another  twelve  months  afterwards. 

All  Piles  are  to  be  shod  with  Wrought  Iron  Shoes,  weighing  not  less  than  2  lbs.  to  every  inch  in  the 
size  of  the  timber,  and  no  ten  inch  pile  shall  be  considered  to  be  driven  if  it  move  ^  inch  with  a  blow 
from  a  16  cwt.  monkey  falling  15  feet,  and  other  sizes  proportionately. 

None  but  the  best  P)altic  Red  Timber,  free  from  all  defects,  to  be  used  ;  except  where  Oak  is  shown, 
in  which  it  shall  be  that  of  the  best  English  growth. 

CAST  IRON. 

25.  To  be  clean  sound  Castings,  free  from  sand,  air  holes,  or  cinder,  to  be  run  from  a  cupola.  The 
Metal  not  to  be  inferior  to  that  made  by  a  mixture  of  §  of  No.  2  hot  blast  grey  pig  mixed  with  ^  of  No.  3 
cold  blast,  and  capable  of  sustaining  a  tensile  strain  of  not  less  than  six  tons  per  square  inch  without 
fracture,  or  a  weight  of  3,300  lbs.  on  the  centre  of  a  test  bar  1  inch  wide  and  2  inches  deep,  with  3  feet 
clear  span.    Specimens  of  the  iron  to  be  submitted  to  the  Engineer  for  approval  Avhenever  required. 

All  Patterns  to  be  submitted  when  made  to  the  inspection  of  the  Engineer  ;  and  all  joints  to  be 
provided  with  proper  chipping  pieces,  which  are  to  be  planed  or  chipped,  and  then  caulked  if  required  with 
iron  cement,  bolt  holes  to  be  provided  with  fillets  and  bosses. 

The  whole  to  be  painted  after  inspection  with  three  coats  of  approved  oil  pant  ;  the  last  coat  to  be 
put  on  when  the  work  is  fixed  in  place. 

WROUGHT  IRON. 

26.  Specimens  of  the  Iron  shall  be  submitted  to  the  Engineer  for  approval,  and  the  best  quality  shall 
in  all  cases  be  used  ;  the  Plates  being  equal  to  the  best  Staffordshire  (boiler)  plates  ;  the  Bar,  Angle  and 
T  iron  being  not  inferior  to  the  best  B  B  merchant  bars  ;  and  all  bolts,  rivets,  nuts,  straps  and  ties 
beino;  wrought  from  iron  not  inferior  to  the  best  S  C  crown  iron. 

No  Wrought  Iron  to  sustain  a  less  strain  in  tension  lengthwise  than  21  tons  per  square  inch  ;  with 
an  average  elongation  of  one  fifteenth  of  its  length  before  rupture. 

The  whole  of  the  Ironwork  to  be  painted,  after  being  passed  on  inspection  by  the  Engineer,  once  in 
oils  before  leaving  the  works,  and  to  have  two  coats  of  additional  paint  of  approved  colour  when  fixed. 

Note. — This  gives  a  very  superior  quality  of  material  ;  if  the  ordinary  quality  is  required,  instead  of  the  word  "i?o«7e?-"  insert  '■'■Bridge,'" 
and  instead  of  "  21  tons  and  one  fifteenth  elongation''''  say  "20  tons  and  one  twentieth  elongation.''''  It  is  usual  to  give  the  higher 
tests  for  Bars,  Angle  and  T  Irons,  and  the  lower  ones  for  plates. 

PUBLIC  ROAD  CROSSINGS. 

27.  In  all  cases  of  Public  Roads  crossed  on  the  level,  gates  of  good,  sound,  well-framed  English 
oak  are  to  be  erected  in  accordance  with  the  Drawings  No.  and  in  such  manner  that  when  opened  for 
the  Railway  they  shall  entirely  close  the  approach  from  the  Road  on  each  side  ;  and  when  closed  to  the 
Railway  they  shall  form  entirely  across  the  same  a  secure  and  continuous  Fence  on  both  sides  of  the  way 
across  ;  and  must  exhibit  a  disc  of  not  less  than  3  feet  in  diameter  towards  the  line  each  way. 

All  the  Gates  to  receive  three  coats  of  the  best  oil  paint,  of  such  colour  as  the  Engineer  may  direct. 

The  Road  to  be  paved  with  good  approved  stone  between  the  rails  and  fi>r  four  feet  on  each  side 
of  them  ;  and  the  remainder  is  to  be  metalled  with  approved  stone  or  screened  gravel  15  inches  thick. 
Iron  guard  rails  are  to  be  fixed,  so  as  to  protect  the  rails  of  the  line  from  passing  traffic  &c. 

The  Road  across  the  Line  must  be  kept  smooth  and  free  from  water  by  drainage. 


39 


OCCUPATION  ROAD  CROSSINGS. 

28.  Fence  Gates  are  to  be  provided  and  fixed  by  the  Contractor  wherever  required  by  the  Engineer. 
They  are  to  consist  of  good  sound  English  Oak,  framed  and  put  togetlier  in  the  best  style  of  workmanship, 
and  they  are  to  be  provided  with  proper  fastenings,  Wrought  Iron  hinges,  chains  and  padlocks. 

The  Posts  are  to  be  of  Oak,  wrought  die  square  and  chamfered  above  ground  and  left  rough  below  it  ; 
and  to  be  firmly  fixed  in  the  ground,  and  the  Fence  made  good  up  to  them. 

These  Gates  are  to  receive  three  coats  of  good  white  oil  paint,  and  are  to  have  the  words  "  Shut  this 
Gate  "  legibly  written  on  the  top  bar,  on  both  sides  of  the  Gates.  They  are  to  be  10  feet  apart  in  the 
clear  between  the  posts  for  a  single  crossing,  and  12  feet  in  the  clear  for  a  double  crossing,  in  which  case 
there  will  be  four  gates  to  each  crossing. 

On  Private  Carriage  Ways,  when  required  by  the  Engineer,  the  Road  is  to  be  paved  between  the 
rails,  and  for  3  feet  on  each  side  of  the  same,  with  good  approved  stone  ;  and  a  board  with  the  words 
"  Penalty  for  not  doing  so  405."  is  to  be  substituted  for  the  chains  and  padlocks. 

On  all  Occupation  Crossings  the  Road  is  to  be  metalled  across  the  whole  width  of  the  Line,  from  ditch 
to  ditch,  and  for  a  breadth  of  14  feet  with  approved  metalling  9  inches  thick. 

No  approach  to  be  steeper  than  1  in  16.  Trunks  of  approved  (creosoted)  timber,  in  accordance  with 
Drawing  No.  and  of  the  same  dimensions  as  marked  on  the  Section,  will  have  to  be  laid  under  the 

crossings  on  both  sides  of  the  Line  to  connect  the  ditches,  and  in  case  of  Double  Crossings,  also  from  the 
boundary  ditch  into  the  side  ditch. 

LEVEL  CROSSING  LODGES. 

29.  To  be  erected  at  the  points  marked  on  the  Plan,  in  accordance  with  the  Drawings  and 
Specifications  thereunto  annexed. 

TELEGRAPH. 

31,  The  Contractor  is  to  provide,  construct,  and  set  up  throughout  the  entire  length  of  the  Line,  an 
Electric  Telegraph  with  wires,  and  instruments  at  each  of  the  Stations,  complete  and  in  full 
working  order  at  the  time  the  Line  is  opened  for  public  traffic. 

MILE  AND  GRADIENT  POSTS. 

32.  Mile  Posts  are  to  be  erected  at  every  quarter  of  a  mile,  and  Gradient  Posts  at  every  change  of 
gradient,  properly  painted  four  times  in  oil,  and  written  as  directed. 


40 


PERMANENT  WAY. 

BALLAST. 

33.  To  consist  of  clean  gravel  or  broken  stone,  or  other  such  material  as  the  Engineer  may  approve, 
and  the  amount  used  shall  not  be  less  than  cubic  yards  to  the  mile  of  single  main  line,  and 

cubic  yards  to  the  mile  for  single  line  of  siding. 

The  Ballast  to  be  laid  upon  the  Formation  after  it  has  thoroughly  settled,  and  has  been  carefully 
sloped  from  the  centre  to  the  sides,  so  as  to  prevent  lodgement  of  water;  and  it  is  to  be  feet  wide  at 

top  and  feet  wide  at  bottom,  and  feet  inches  deep  below  the  upper  surface  of  the  rails. 

If  Clay  be  used  for  the  bottom  ballast,  it  must  be  burnt  in  proper  stacks  or  kilns,  and  it  shall  be 
covered  in  all  cases  with  not  less  than  inches  of  gravel  or  broken  stone. 

If  Chalk  be  used  for  Bottom  Ballast,  it  must  be  hard  rock  chalk  only;  not  liable  to  disintegrate  or 
decom^Dose  by  the  action  of  the  weather. 

Where  Flints  are  found  in  the  Cuttings,  they  shall  be  carefully  collected  from  the  tip  head,  and 
afterwards  laid  on  the  Formation  in  even  layers,  to  form  Bottom  Ballast. 

SLEEPERS. 

34.  The  Sleepers  to  be  of  good  Memel  or  Dantzig  red  fir  [creosoted  with  not  less  than  8  lbs.  of 
creosote  to  each  cubic  foot,  under  pressure,  and  the  timber  being  thoroughly  dry],  and  they  shall  be  (for 
4'  S^"  gauge)  8  feet  11  inches  long,  9  inches  wide  and  4^  inches  deep;  sawn  rectangular;  they  shall  be 
sound  and  free  from  sap,  and  No.  shall  be  provided  and  laid  to  each  mile  of  single  line. 

EAILS  FOR  A  FIRST  CLASS  LINE  .  .  •  •  A. 

The  Rails  to  be  of  the  section  shown  upon  the  drawing,  and  to  correspond  exactly  with  a  template  to 
be  submitted  by  the  Contractor,  and  approved  by  the  Engineer  before  manufacture. 

The  weight  to  be  80  lbs.  per  yard;  any  rail  weighing  less  than  79  lbs.  per  yard  Avill  be  rejected;  and 
no  allowance  will  be  made  for  any  weight  exceeding  81  lbs.  per  yard;  within  these  limits  allowances  to  be 
made  either  way. 

The  lengths  to  be  as  follows : — 

50  per  cent.,  24  feet  long. 

30  per  cent.,  21  feet  long. 

20  per  cent.,  18  feet  long. 

The  Rails  to  be  of  uniform  section  throughout,  to  be  sawn  true  and  square  at  each  end  while  hot,  and 
if  they  require  straightening,  it  must  be  done  (without  hammering)  by  pressure. 

The  Rails  are  to  have  two  holes  punched  at  each  end  for  fishing;  and  holes  in  the  bottom  flange  (if  of 
Vignoles  Section*)  for  fang  bolts;  the  exact  size  and  position  of  which  are  shown  on  the  drawings. 

Each  Rail  is  to  be  marked,  during  rolling,  with  the  name  of  the  maker,  the  year  of  manufacture, 
and  the  letters  "  A  &  B  Ry." 

The  Rails  are  to  be  subject  to  the  inspection  of  the  Engineer  or  his  representative,  who  shall  have  every 
facility  afforded  him  by  the  manufacturers  for  conducting  his  inspection.  But  notwithstanding  such 
inspection  at  the  Works,  any  Rails  may  be  rejected  on  dehvery  which  in  the  judgment  of  the  Engineer 
are  defective. 

If  within  [  ]  years  from  the  time  of  opening  for  public  trafiic,  the  Rails  laminate,  crush,  or  split,  or  in 
any  other  way  exhibit  defects,  they  shall  be  replaced  at  the  Contractor's  own  cost,  and  the  decision  of 
[  ]  as  to  the  defective  Rails  shall  be  final  and  binding. f 

The  Rails  are  to  be  of  Beale's  Parkgate  make,  or  other  of  equal  quality  to  be  approved  by  the  Engineer; 
and  made  under  a  five  ton  hammer,  of  clay  mine  iron,  free  from  admixture  of  Cleveland  or  Northampton 

If  not,  tlien  cast  iron  chairs  ;  wood  keys  and  twisted  spikes,  or  trenail  and  spike,  must  be  specified, 
f  If  this  maintenance  clause  is  not  adopted,  a  test  should  be  inserted  instead. 


41 


Ores.  The  Piles  are  to  be  of  Puddled  Bars  not  less  than  12  inches  x  10  inches,  the  top  slab  he'mg  of 
hammered  ii'on  the  whole  width  of  the  pile  and  2  inches  thick:  this  large  pile  to  be  hammered  into  a  bloom, 
8  inches  x  6  inches,  and  again  heated  and  rolled  into  a  Rail,  making  the  whole  equal  to  No.  3  Iron. 

FISHES  (FOR  A  FIRST  CLASS  LINE). 

The  Fish-plates  shall  weigh  not  more  than  25  lbs.  per  pair,  nor  less  than  23  lbs.,  and  are  to  be  in 
accordance  with  the  drawings  hereunto  annexed,  and  are  to  be  accurately  rolled  to  fit  the  contour  of  the 
Rail  at  the  points  of  contact. 

The  iron  shaU  be  of  the  same  quality  as  that  forming  the  top  slab  of  the  Rail. 

The  length  shall  be  15  inches;  the  ends  being  cut  clean  and  square. 

Each  outside  Plate  shall  have  four  H  square  holes  punched  in  it,  and  each  inside  one  four  H  round 
holes,  according  to  the  drawing,  care  being  taken  to  have  the  edges  of  the  holes  clean  and  free  from 
roughness  or  cracks. 

BOLTS  (FOR  A  FIRST  CLASS  LINE). 

Four  Fish-bolts  are  required  to  each  pair  of  Fish-plates;  each  to  be  i  inch  diameter,  and  forged  out  of 
best  Staffordshire  or  fibrous  iron,  the  heads  being  formed  out  of  the  solid  and  round;  underneath  the  head 
the  bolt  stem  shall  be  i  inch  square  for  half  an  inch,  to  prevent  turning  when  the  nut  is  being  screwed  up. 

A  Whitworth  Thread  is  to  be  used  for  If  inches  along  the  length  of  the  bolt :  and  on  it  shall  be  screwed 
a  hexagon  nut,  the  length  and  general  dimensions  being  given  on  the  drawing. 

To  every  Nut,  one  Grover's  Steel  Spring  Washer  shall  be  provided,  of  not  less  weight  than  one 
ounce,  to  prevent  it  from  working  loose. 

The  Fang-bolts  (if  the  Vignoles  Section  of  Rails  be  used)  to  be  |  inches  diameter,  of  the  same 
quality  of  iron  as  the  Fish-bolts,  four  to  each  sleeper ;  Fang-nuts  to  be  provided  for  each  Bolt  as  shown  on 
the  drawing. 

The  Contractor  will  not  be  allowed  to  use  the  Permanent  Way  Materials  for  making  the  Railway, 
without  the  written  permission  of  the  Engineer. 


EAILS  AND  FASTENINGS  FOE  A  SECOND  CLASS  LINE  •  •  •  B. 

RAILS. 

Are  to  be  of  the  section  shown  on  the  drawing  of  Permanent  Way,  a  template  of  which  shall  be 
supplied  to  the  Contractor,  and  to  this  template  the  finished  Rail  must  correspond. 

The  Rail  shall  weigh  not  more  than  61  lbs.  to  the  yard,  and  not  less  than  59  lbs.,  the  weight  required 
being  60  lbs. 

Not  less  than  80  per  cent,  shall  be  in  lengths  of  23  feet,  and  the  remaining  20  per  cent,  may  vary  from 
18  feet  to  20  feet  lengths;  they  are  not  to  be  specially  rolled,  but  are  to  be  cut  from  larger  ones  which  may 
be  defective  at  the  ends. 

Wherever  special  lengths  (not  exceeding  23  feet  long)  are  required,  they  are  to  be  supplied  according 
to  a  list,  which  will  be  from  time  to  time  given. 

The  Piles  from  which  the  Rails  are  to  be  rolled  shall  be  9  inches  wide  by  9  inches  deep,  and  shall 
consist  of  a  slab  of  No.  2  Iron  at  the  top,  2  inches  thick,  and  of  the  whole  width  of  the  Pile;  and  the 
remainder  of  puddled  bars,  f  inch  thick  properly  breaking  joint.  The  bars  in  a  Pile  must  extend  throughout 
its  whole  length. 

The  Rail-pile  is  to  be  rolled  and  hammered  at  a  welding  heat  into  a  solid  bloom  5  inches  wide  and  5 
inches  deep,  which  is  again  to  be  raised  to  a  welding  heat  and  rolled  into  the  Rail. 

All  Rails  shall  be  sawn  clean  and  square  at  the  ends,  and  shall  be  free  from  defects  of  any  kind;  if  they 
are  straightened,  it  shall  be  by  pressure  and  not  by  hammering. 

Each  Rail  shall  be  stamped  with  the  Maker's  name  or  initials,  the  year  of  manufacture,  and  the  letters 
"A.  &  B.  Ry." 

L 


42 


Each  Rail  will  require  to  have  two  holes  punched  at  each  end  for  Fishing-bolts;  the  position  and 
dimensions  of  which  are  shown  on  the  detailed  drawings. 

Holes  are  also  to  be  punched  in  the  flange  of  each  Rail  (if  of  Yignoles  Section)  |i  inch  in  diameter, 
to  receive  the  A  inch  Fang-bolts  and  Screws  for  securing  them  to  the  Sleepers.  The  exact  position  of  the 
Bolt-holes  is  shown  on  the  drawings.    (See  Note  below.) 

FISH-PLA.TES. 

The  Fish-plates  are  to  be  of  the  section  shown  on  the  Drawing,  and  in  accordance  with  a  template  to 
be  furnished  by  the  Engineer.  They  are  to  be  14  inches  long,  and  to  be  sawn  off  square  and  not  shorn  ; 
they  are  to  be  straight,  smooth  and  uniform. 

Each  Fish-plate  is  to  have  four  holes  punched  or  drilled  in  it,  inches  square  in  the  outside  plates, 
and  14  inches  in  diameter  in  the  inside  ones,  and  at  the  distances  shown  on  the  Drawings. 

Each  Plate  shall  be  stamped  with  the  Makers'  name  or  initials,  and  the  year  of  manufacture.- 
Specimens  of  the  Fish-plates  to  be  submitted  for  approval. 

FANG-BOLTS,  WOOD-SCREWS,  &  FISH-BOLTS, 

are  to  be  in  accordance  with  the  Drawings,  and  made  of  the  best  Staffordshire  iron,  or  of  other  of 
equal  and  approved  quality,  specimens  being  submitted  to  the  Engineer  for  his  approval  in  each  case  in  the 
first  instance. 

The  heads  of  both  Bolts  and  Screws  shall  be  forged  out  of  the  solid  and  not  welded  on  ;  the  Nuts  of 
the  Fang-bolts  shall  be  turned  up,  as  shown,  to  hold  in  the  Sleeper. 

The  Fish-bolts  are  to  be  formed  of  f  inch  iron ;  the  heads  are  to  be  round  and  the  nuts  are  to  be 
square,  and  to  fit  without  shake  upon  the  bolts.    Whit  worth  Threads  are  to  be  used  for  approval. 

Each  Nut  for  Fish-bolts  shall  be  accompanied  by  one  Grover's  Steel  Washer,  of  not  less  than  one  ounce 
weight,  to  prevent  its  working  loose. 

The  whole  of  the  Fastenings  are  to  be  immersed  whilst  hot  in  boiled  Linseed  Oil,  and  packed  in  strong 
bags,  of  not  more  than  5  cwt.  each,  for  delivery 

A  complete  Rail-joint  on  pieces  of  wood  representing  the  Sleepers,  with  Fish-plates  and  Fastenings 
complete  as  contracted  for,  is  to  be  provided  by  the  Contractor  for  the  Engineer,  whose  written  approval  of 
the  sample  must  be  given  before  the  work  proceeds. 

POINTS  AND  CROSSINGS 

will  have  to  be  provided,  in  mmiber  [  ]  laid  in  such  positions  as  will  be  directed,  and  of  requisite 
angles;  the  tongues  of  the  switches  to  be  12  feet  long,  and  to  be  made  fi'om  rails  of  similar  section  to 
those  otherwise  used  on  the  line.    The  Crossings  to  be  of  Steel  or  hardened  Iron. 

INSPECTION,  &c. 

The  Engineer  shall  have  power  to  inspect  the  manufacture  of  the  Rails,  Fish-plates  and  Fastenings, 
and  Points  and  Crossings,  and  shall  have  full  power  to  reject  any  materials  or  workmanship  of  which  he 
may  disapprove,  either  at  the  works  or  on  delivery. 

The  Contractor  may  use  the  Rails  and  Fastenings  of  the  Permanent  Way  for  carrying  out  the  Works, 
but  only  under  such  circumstances  and  with  such  wagons  as  the  Engineer  may  approve  ;  and  on  the 
condition  that  any  rail  which  may  be  nicked  or  worn  in  the  process  shall  be  rejected,  and  that  any  that  are 
bent  shall  be  made  straight. 

The  Contractor  must  not  use  the  Permanent  Sleepers  for  the  Temporary  Works,  except  when 
Ballasting  with  an  Engine. 

Note. — A  clauHe  to  maintain  for  a  certain  number  of  years  may  be  arranged  to  price  ;  in  its  absence,  a  test  should  be  stated  ;  this  varies 
with  the  Section.  Generally  a  GO  lbs.  Vignoles  Flanch  rail,  with  a3'G"  bearing,  will  take  a  blow  from  a  6  cwt.  monkey  falling  12  feet,  without 
deflecting  more  than  one  inch,  or  giving  ^  inch  permanent  set. 


43 


KAILS  AND  FASTENINGS  FOR  A  THIRD  CLASS  LINE  .  .  .  .  C. 

RAILS. 

The  Rails  are  to  be  of  the  Yignoles  Section  shewn  on  the  Drawing,  and  according  to  the  template 
and  gauges  to  be  provided  hj  the  Engineer. 

The  weight  of  the  Rails  must  be  as  near  as  possible  40  lbs  per  yard,  and  no  Rail  shall  be  received 
weighing  less  than  39i-  lbs.  per  yard,  nor  will  any  allowance  be  made  for  any  Rail  weighing  more  than 
40^  lbs.  per  yard. 

They  are  to  be  perfectly  true  and  straight,  and  of  uniform  Section  throughout  ;  the  ends  being  sawn 
oflF  square. 

Each  Rail  to  have  four  oblong,  holes  punched  in  it  f  in.  by  1  in.,  in  the  position  shown  upon  the 
Drawing. 

Each  Rail  to  have  the  Maker's  name  and  the  year  of  manufacture  stamped  upon  it. 
The  Rails  are  to  be  manufactured  as  follows  : — 

I  Each  Rail  is  to  be  made  from  a  pile  8  inches  wide  and '9  inches  deep,  consisting  of  one  bar  of  iron  1^ 
inches  thick  at  the  top,  and  of  intermediate  bars  not  exceeding  1  inch  in  thickness,  and  of  such  width  as  to 
break  the  joints.  This  pile  is  to  be  rolled  out  at  a  welding  heat,  and  after  being  again  raised  to  a  welding 
heat  is  to  be  rolled  into  the  Rail 

The  Bar  forming  the  top  slab  is  to  be  manufactured  from  such  a  mixture  of  mine  iron  ores  as  shall  be 
approved  by  the  Engineer,  and  shall  produce  the  closest  and  hardest  wrought  iron,  and  shall  be  formed 
from  the  puddle  ball  under  a  hammer,  which  shall  be  equal  to  a  five  ton  tilt  hammer. 

The  central  part  of  the  pile  shall  be  built  up  of  bars  not  exceeding  one  inch  in  thickness,  which  are  to 
be  of  such  a  mixture  of  mine  iron  as  shall  produce  a  tough  and  close  wrought  iron,  and  shall  be  formed 
from  the  puddle  ball,  under  a  five  ton  tilt  hammer,  into  a  slab  of  convenient  form,  which  shall  be  re-heated 
sufficiently  for  its  reduction  into  bars  of  the  required  thickness  not  exceeding  1  inch, 

(In  the  event  of  the  Contractors  guaranteeing  the  Rails  for  a  certain  time,  it  is  not  necessary  to  specify 
the  tests,  as  such  guarantee  is  sufficient  ;  but  without  it  a  test  clause  is  necessary.) 

The  Engineer  shall  test  samples  from  the  Rails  at  various  times  with  a  weight  of  16  tons  on  the  centre 
of  a  span  of  3  feet  0  inches,  and  no  Rail  will  be  accepted  which  deflects  with  this  weight  more  than  £  of  an 
inch,  and  all  shall  carry  a  maximum  central  weight  of  24  tons  without  breaking.* 

All  the  Rails  must  be  free  from  splits,  cracks,  or  laminations,  and  in  all  respects  sound  and  straight. 
The  Rails  are  to  be  of  the  following  lengths : — 

]  per  cent.,  [  ]  feet  long. 

per  cent.,  [  ]  feet  long. 

]  per  cent.,  [  ]  feet  long. 

And  each  Rail  is  to  be  provided  with  two  holes  at  each  end,  of  the  size  and  position  shown  upon  the 
Drawing  for  the  Fish -Bolts. 

Certain  samples  of  the  Rails  shall  be  tested  by  a  falling  weight  of  700  lbs.  from  a  height  of  5  feet  ;  the 
bearing  being  2  feet  6  inches,  and  no  Rail  will  be  passed  which  shall  deflect  under  this  blow  more  than  1^ 
inches,  or  which  breaks  if  the  weight  be  dropped  upon  it  from  a  height  of  1 6  feet. 

For  a  30  lbs  Yignoles  average  Section  Rail  suitable  for  a  steam  tram  road  the  following  tests  are 
sufficient  : — 

No.  1.  Bearing  3  feet  apart.    Dead  load  in  centre,  5  tons.     Deflection  after  half  an  hour  not  to 
exceed  half  an  inch  ;  and  the  permanent  set  not  to  exceed  -|  of  an  inch. 

No.  2.  Bearing  3  feet  apart.    Falling  weight  500  lbs.  ;  fall  4  feet.    Rail  to  be  capable  of  bearing 
two  blows  without  deflecting  more  than  one  inch  and  without  breaking. 

*  This  test  of  course  depends  upon  the  form  of  the  Section. 


44 


SPECIFICATiON  FOR  BOLTS. 

The  Bolts  are  to  be  made  of  the  best  S.  C.  Crown  Iron,  and  are  to  be  manufactured  out  of  1  inch 
diameter  iron  :  the  heads  to  be  square  and  to  be  worked  out  of  the  solid  and  not  welded  on.  The  bolts 
are  to  be  f  inch  diameter,  and  [  ]  inches  long,  with  a  head  1^  inch  square  and  |  inch  thick; 

the  stem  of  the  bolt  under  the  head  for  half  an  inch  in  length  to  be  -|  inch  square.  They  are  to  be  screwed 
for  a  length  of  If  inches  with  a  strong  uniform  Whitworth  thread,  eight  threads  to  an  inch.  Every  bolt 
must  have  the  threads  full  up.  Square  nuts  of  the  same  size  as  the  bolt  heads  must  be  provided,  one  to 
each  bolt  ;  and  must  be  made  to  screw  upon  the  bolt  without  shake,  but  not  so  tightly  that  they  cannot  be 
screwed  by  hand. 

Samples  of  the  above  must  be  submitted  to  the  Engineer  for  his  approval  before  the  rest  are 
proceeded  with. 

The  number  of  bolts  required  is  [  ]  and  the  weight  of  them  is  to  be  [        ] . 

As  soon  as  the  Contractor  is  prepared  to  begin  the  manufacture  of  the  bolts,  an  Inspector  will  be 
appointed  by  the  Engineer  to  gauge  and  test  them,  who  will  have  full  power  to  reject  all  such  as  are 
defective,  or  which  do  not  comply  with  the  Specification  or  Drawings. 

The  whole  of  the  Bolts  are  to  be  dipped  in  hot  boiled  Linseed  Oil  before  they  have  been  exposed  to  the 
weather,  as  a  protection  against  rust;  they  are  then  to  be  packed  in  bags  of  convenient  size  for  carriage. 

The  whole  of  the  bolts  are  to  be  delivered  within  [  ]  months  from  the  date  of  the  acceptance  of 

the  Tender,  and  the  deliveries  are  to  commence  within  two  months  from  that  date,  a  [  ]  part  of  the 

entire  quantity  to  be  delivered  every  month  from  that  date. 

Each  nut  shall  be  provided  with  one  Grover's  Steel  Spring  Washer  to  prevent  its  working  loose. 

Spikes  of  the  form  shown  upon  the  Drawing  shall  be  provided.  They  are  to  be  made  of  the  best 
S.  C.  Crown  Iron,  and  to  weigh  each  oz. 


45 

HEADS  OF  IIEQUJEEMENTS  FOE  JUNCTIONS,  STATIONS  AND  FITTINGS. 

JUNCTION  AT  [  ]  STATION. 

A  length  of  the  Permanent  Way  for  joining  up  to  the  existing  Line  (viz.,  the  Main  Line  which  the 
A  and  B  Railway  is  supposed  to  join)  Avill  have  to  he  laid  of  a  similar  description  to  that  used  on  the 
existing  Line,  and  to  the  satisfaction  of  that  Company's  Engineer  ;  but  should  that  Company  elect  to  do  the 
work  themselves,  they  will  be  allowed  to  do  so,  the  amount  set  down  for  the  Junction  Works  being 
deducted  from  this  Contract. 

The  various  Works  at  the  Junction  are  to  be  executed  as  detailed  in  a  List  (hereunto  appended),  and 
in  accordance  with  Drawings  Nos.  [  ],  but  so  far  as  quality  and  supervision,  and  all  other 

conditions  are  concerned,  the  general  specification  is  to  apply. 

The  Earthwork  is  included  in  the  general  Quantities. 

The  Sidings  are  included  in  the  Permanent  Way. 


No.  [  ]  sets  of  Switches  and  Crossings. 

No.  [  ]  Station  Signals,  with  Semaphore  Arms,  25  feet  high  above  ground,  with  ladder,  lamps, 

and  necessary  fittings  complete. 

No.  [  ]  Distant  Signals,  with  Semaphore  Arms,  15  feet  high  above  ground,  with  ladders,  lamps 

and  complete  fittings. 

"  No.  [  ]  yards  of  7-strand  galvanized  wire,  with  necessary  wood  posts  and  pullies,  cranks,  etc. 

and  No.  [  ]  patent  compensating  pull-over  levers,  the  whole  fixed  complete. 

No.  [  ]  Chock  Blocks. 


Note. — The  Company  with  whose  Line  the  junction  is  to  be  made  will  probably  send  in  a  list  of  their  requirements  as  to  working  the 
Traffic  fi-om  signal  boxes  with  locking-gear  and  lever-rods  etc. 

REQUIREMENTS  AT  [  ]  STATION. 

Earthworks  and  Fencing  included  in  the  general  Quantities. 

Sidings  included  in  the  Permanent  Way,  and  are  measured  to  include  the  lengths  of  switches  and  crossings. 
No.  [  ]  Station  Buildings,  according  to  Drawings  Nos.  [  ]  and  detailed  specification  with 

same. 

Platform  [  ]  feet  long,  by  [  ]  feet  wide,  with  ramps  at  each  end,  gravelling  six  inches  thick, 
palisading  as  specified,  with  board  with  name  of  station.  The  walls  of  the  platform  to  be  [  |  feet  high 
above  the  rails,  to  be  14  inches  thick,  and  coped  with  best  blue  coping  bricks,  one  foot  thick. 

Water  Supply,  consisting  of  tank  house  with  wall  (or  standard)  water  crane  ;  tank  of  cast  (or  wrought) 
iron,  to  hold  [        ]  gallons,  with  water  gauges,  double  action  pump  [  ]  ins.  stroke,  and  [         ]  ins. 

diameter  of  plunger,  with  proper  connections  complete,  as  shown  on  the  Drawings  ;  well  [  ]  feet  diameter 
and  [        ]  yards  deep  ;  2  inch  socket  pipes  from  tank  to  booking  office  ;  a  cistern  to  same,  etc. 

Good  Warehouse,  as  by  Drawing  and  special  specification. 

Road  Weigh  Bridge. 

One  Road  Weighing  Machine,  platform,  12  ft.  x  7  ft.  to  weigh  12  tons,  with  office,  &c.,  as  per  drawing- 
Railway  Weigh  Bridge  f       ]  feet  long,  to  weigh  up  to  15  tons,  fixed  complete,  with  all  necessary 
foundations,  connections,  &c.,  from  machine  to  office. 

Carriage  Wharf  and  Dock. 
Cattle  and  Sheep  Pens. 
Five  Ton  Wharf  Crane. 

Turntables,  No.  [       ]  [       ]  feet  diameter  &c.  with  their  foundations,  walls,  stops,  &c. 

Pumping  Engine  [        ]  H.  P.  to  lift  [  ]  gallons  per  hour  [  ]  feet  high.  Boiler 

House  with  chimney  [        ]  yards  high  ;  Boilers  with  fittings,  &c. 

Engine  House  of  galvanized  iron,  as  by  Drawing  No.  [       ].    Ashpit  20  feet  long  by  3  feet  deep, 
with  brickwork  Avails  and  grating  for  drain.    Paving  of  house  with  bricks  on  edge. 
Coal  Stage  of  Timber  (14'  6")  feet  by  (7'  6")  feet. 

M 


46 


In  Station  Yard  : — 

Metalling,  [       ]  square  yards,  [       ]  inches  deep . 

Entrance  Gates,  No.  [       ]  pairs. 

Switches  and  Crossin(2;s,  No.  [       ]  sets. 

Waggon  Height  Gauges,  with  bell  No.  [  ] 

Siding  or  Station  Stops,  No.  [  ] 

Chock  Blocks,  No.  [  ] 

Semaphore  Station  Signals,  No.  [  ] 

Semaphore  Distance  Signals,  No.  [  ] 

No.  [       ]  yards  run  of  7 -strand  galvanized  wire  with  necessary  wood  posts  and  puUies,  cranks 
&c.  and  No.  [       ]  patent  compensating  pull-over  levers. 

Paving,  with  dry  stone  or  brick  on  edge  as  follows  [  ] 

Drain  Pipes  and  Cesspools. 

Gas  Fittings  [  ]  yards  Cast  Iron  Main  with  [  ]  yards  of  branches,  junctions,  connections  for 
pplying  Gas  to  the  booking  office  and  waiting  rooms  and  other  buildings. 

No.  [       ]  external  lights. 

No.  [       ]  internal  lights. 

No.  [       ]  Cast  Iron  Lamp-posts,  [        ]  feet  high  with  glazed  lamps  and  reflectors,  having  name 
■  of  station  on  the  glass. 

All  burners,  brackets,  arras,  cocks,  meters,  &;c.  as  required  complete. 

STATION  BUILDINGS, 
As  by  Drawings  Nos.  [  ]  and  the  Specification. 

Note. — It  is  usual  in  country  railways,  where  the  station  buildings  form  an  inconsiderable  item  of  the  whole  cost,  to  supply  drawings 
of  the  buildings  required,  and  to  measure  up  the  work  as  it  is  done  ;  paying  the  Contractor  on  a  certain  Schedule  as  may  be  agreed 
upon,  taken  for  instance  from  Laxton's  Price  Book  for  the  current  year,  or  with  a  modification  thereof  of  [  ]  per  cent,  as 

an  agreed  general  deduction  or  addition. 

Where  the  Stations  are  large  and  important,  of  course  special  quantities  and  surveys  must  be  supplied  for  tendering  upon,  as  with  the 
rest  of  the  work 

A  general  List  of  the  actual  works,  with  the  numbers  of  the  Drawings  referring  to  each,  may  also  be  given,  commencing  at  one  end  of 
the  Line  and  continuing  through  the  whole  route. 


47 


TENDER. 


TO  THE  DIRECTORS  OF  THE  A.  AND  B.  RAILWAY. 


Gentlemen, — 


I  hereby  offer  to  construct  and  complete  within  months,  this  Railway,  in  accordance 

with  the  plans  and  specification,  to  the  entire  satisfaction  of  your  Engineer,  and  on  land  to  be  given  by  you 
And  I  undertake  also  to  do  all  contingent  and  incidental  works  which  may  be  necessary  in  carrying  out  the 
undertaking,  and  handing  it  over  ready  for  traffic  (station  buildings  alone  excepted),  and  I  undertake  all 
maintenance  and  other  obligations  and  responsibilities  imposed  in  the  foregoing  specification 


for  the  sum  of  pounds  shillings  and  pence  (£        5.  d.) 

to  be  paid  to  me  in  cash  in  the  manner  therein  described. 


And  I  agree  to  execute  a  formal  deed  of  contract  to  this  eff*ect  when  called  upon  by  you  to  do  so. 

I  am,  Gentlemen, 

Your  obedient  servant, 


Dated  this  day  of  18 


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